Assessment of Antimicrobial Effect of Alcohol and Aqueous Extracts of Garcinia kola on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia

As a result of the development of resistance of microorganisms to older antimicrobial agents there is need for a search for new agents, which are effective for the treatment of infections. The crude aqueous and alcoholic extr acts of Garcinia kola fruits were assayed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results revealed that the plant extracts possess inhibitory effect against the microorganisms tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the plant extracts ranged between 20mg/ml and 45mg/ml. There was a change in the antibacterial activity of the test extracts on variation of temperature. The results obtained may suggest that the plant extract is thermal stable and could serve as a source of industrial drugs useful in chemotherapy of some microbial infections. Keywords: Garcinia kola, microorganisms, inhibitory, chemotherapy, dru

Engineering Innovations And Sustainable Entrepreneurship: A Comprehensive Literature Review

This comprehensive study explores the dynamic intersection of engineering innovations and sustainable entrepreneurship, a nexus that promises to redefine the contemporary business landscape. The research employs a systematic approach to literature review, critically analyzing recent scholarly works to unearth the prevailing trends, challenges, and opportunities in the sector. The primary aim of this paper is to delineate the transformative role of engineering tools in fostering sustainable entrepreneurship, with a keen focus on artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and blockchain technology. Through a meticulous methodological approach, the study evaluates the impact of these innovations on sustainable practices, offering advanced interpretations and forecasts based on data analysis. The conclusion underscores a paradigm shift towards a more sustainable and future-oriented economy, driven by the integration of engineering innovations. It highlights the significant research gaps, indicating further exploration necessary to foster a deeper understanding of the sector's intricate dynamics. In light of the findings, the paper proposes strategic suggestions for the engineering sector, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts, educational reforms, and policy initiatives to navigate the complexities of the evolving landscape. Furthermore, it outlines prospective developments and implications, highlighting the potential growth trajectories and the consequent socio-economic impacts. The study culminates in a set of robust recommendations, advocating for a harmonized approach that integrates technological advancements with sustainability principles, thereby fostering a landscape that thrives on innovation, sustainability, and entrepreneurship

Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts

Vernonia amygdalina is a shrub found in Nigeria, growing in backyard gardens and farmlands where it is popularly used as vegetable. The decoction has been used for bowel ailments and fresh cuts injuries. Aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina were examined for the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi. Leaf extracts of the plant contained glycosides, alkaloids, saponins and tannins. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts against the test organisms is in the range of 15mg/ml to 45mg/ml. MIC values of 15mg/ml, 20mg/ml, 30mg/ml and 35mg/ml were recorded against methanol extract when the extract was assayed against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia and S. typhi respectively. The results of this study suggests that extracts of Vernonia amygdalina could serve as a source of chemotherapeutic agent against the infections associated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi

Phytochemical studies and in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts of garcinia kola

As a result of the development of resistance of microorganisms to older antimicrobial agents, there is need for a search for new agents, which are effective for the treatment of infections. The crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Garcinia kola fruits were assayed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results revealed that the plant extracts possess inhibitory effect against the microorganisms tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the plant extracts ranged between 20 mg/ml and 45 mg/ml. There was a change in the antibacterial activity of the test extracts on variation of temperature. The results obtained may suggest that the plant extract could serve as a source of industrial drugs useful in chemotherapy of some microbial infections