Primary bipolar replacement arthroplasty versus internal fixation in the management of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly

Background: Management of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture in the elderly has been always a matter of debate. There has been always a dilemma between osteosynthesis and prosthesis.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated, 108 osteoporotic elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric for internal fixation versus primary bipolar replacement arthroplasty in a span of 4 years.Results: Bipolar replacement arthroplasty gives better outcome as compared to internal fixation with sliding hip screw.Conclusions: It was found that cemented bipolar arthroplasty is the choice in freely mobile elderly osteoporotic comminuted displaced intertrochanteric fracture, though is a surgically demanding technique, it spares the postoperative complication of non-weight bearing after internal fixation of these fracture. The internal fixation is also compounded by osteoporosis, medical illness, difficulty to achieve and maintain reduction of comminuted and widely displaced unstable fractures, which restricts the mobilization and weight bearing and further increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in elderly in comparison to cemented bipolar replacement arthroplasty which allows early mobilization and weight bearing

SECURE SMART TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEM USING AUXILIARY DATA IN COOPERATIVE AWARENESS MESSAGE

Current smart traffic lights (STLs) can provide access to a traffic signal, which a vehicle, such as an emergency vehicle, can manipulate through a Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM) object. However, researchers have demonstrated that STLs can be easily hacked using an abusive CAM object. To address such a weakness, techniques are presented herein that secure a STL with auxiliary data that is attached to a CAM object, which can be used by a vehicle on-board unit (OBU) and smartphones. Aspects of the presented techniques reduce the encryption and decryption overhead that is incurred when attaching a security header as part of a CAM message. Further aspects of the presented techniques ensure that the authenticity and integrity of a CAM message can be validated through a roadside infrastructure (e.g., Roadside Units (RSUs)) and STLs with the help of a central server

Prevalence and factors associated with tuberculosis infection in India

Background: The risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease is higher in individuals with TB infection. In a TB endemic country like India, it is essential to understand the current burden of TB infection at the population level. The objective of the present analysis is to estimate the prevalence of TB infection in India and to explore the factors associated with TB infection. Methods: Individuals aged > 15 years in the recently completed National TB prevalence survey in India who were tested for TB infection by QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) assay were considered for this sub- analysis. TB infection was defined as positive by QFT-Plus (value > 0.35 IU/ml). The estimates for prevalence, prevalence ratio (PR) and adjusted risk ratio (aRR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Of the 16864 individuals analysed, the prevalence of TB infection was 22.6% (95% CI:19.4 −25.8). Factors more likely to be associated with TB infection include age > 30 years (aRR:1.49;95% CI:1.29–1.73), being male (aRR:1.26; 95%CI: 1.18–1.34), residing in urban location (aRR:1.58; 95%CI: 1.03–2.43) and past history of TB (aRR:1.49; 95%CI: 1.26–1.76). Conclusion: About one fourth (22.6%) of the individuals were infected with TB in India. Individuals aged > 30 years, males, residing in urban location, and those with past history of TB were more likely to have TB infection. Targeted interventions for prevention of TB and close monitoring are essential to reduce the burden of TB in India

Oxidation of benzyl alcohol and styrene using H2O2 catalyzed by tetraazamacrocycle complexes of Cu(II) and Ni(II) encapsulated in zeolite-Y

Encapsulation of 7,16-diacetyl[M{Me4(Bzo)2[14]tetraeneN4}], {M = Cu(II) and Ni(II)} tetraazamacrocycle complexes in the cavity of Zeolite-Y by the template synthesis method has been described. These complexes have been characterized using various physico-chemical techniques viz., spectroscopic (electronic and IR) studies, thermal analysis, metal analysis, field emission scanning electron micrographs and X-ray powder diffraction patterns. These encapsulated tetraazamacrocycle complexes have been used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of styrene and for the solvent free oxidation of benzyl alcohol using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The solvent free catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohol catalyzed by 7,16-diacetyl[Cu{Me4(Bzo)2[14]tetraeneN4}]-NaY gives benzaldehyde as the major product, while that of styrene gives benzaldehyde and styrene oxide as major oxidation products when 7,16-diacetyl[Ni{Me4(Bzo)2[14]tetraeneN4}]-NaY is used as catalyst

Catalytic and electrocatalytic wet oxidation of phenol using two new nickel(II) tetraazamacrocycle complexes under heterogeneous conditions

Two new tetraazamacrocycle complexes, namely, 7,16-dinicotinoyl[Ni{Me4(4-MeBzo)2[14]tetraeneN4}] and 7,16-diisonicotinoyl[Ni{Me4(4-MeBzo)2[14]tetraeneN4}] (where [Ni{Me4(4-MeBzo)2[14]tetraeneN4}] = 5,7,12,14-tetramethyldi-4-methylbenzo[b,i][1,4,8,11]tetraazacyclo-tetradecahexaenatonickel(II)) were synthesized by acylation of [Ni{Me4(4-MeBzo)2[14]tetraeneN4}] and characterized using spectral and microanalytical data. All tetraazamacrocycle complexes were found to catalyze chemical oxidation of phenol by H2O2 to catechol and hydroquinone and it is found that 7,16-diisonicotinoyl[Ni{Me4(4-MeBzo)2[14]tetraeneN4}] showed the best performance. Catechol as the major product and hydroquinone as the minor were characterized respectively under optimal values of some parameters such as amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, oxidant and substrate concentration, effect of reaction media and reaction time. Electrocatalytic oxidation of phenol on glassy carbon electrode modified by the synthesized macrocycle complexes has also been studied

Frequency of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus and its correlation with duration of diabetes mellitus

Purpose : To evaluate the correlation between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and duration of diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional study was carried out in 500 patients who were reported diabetics or newly diagnosed diabetics referred for screening for DR. Patients with posterior segment disease in whom posterior segment was not visualized were excluded from the study. A detailed evaluation of patients diabetic and hypertensive status was done along with their detailed ophthalmological examination. All patients were investigated for blood sugar levels, urine sugar levels, and HbA 1 C. Grading of DR was done by the ETDRS grading system. Results : Total prevalence of DR is 32%. Among these, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is seen in 71.88% and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in 28.12% patients. This study shows an increasing prevalence of DR with increasing duration of DM. The prevalence of DR was seen to be 9.44% when duration of diabetes detected was less than 5 years and was 76.47% in patients with diabetes of more than 20 to 25 years. Conclusion : There is an increasing prevalence of DR with increase in duration of DM. All patients having diabetes of more than 25 years were found to have retinopathy