F-8 supercritical wing flight pressure, Boundary layer, and wake measurements and comparisons with wind tunnel data

Data for speeds from Mach 0.50 to Mach 0.99 are presented for configurations with and without fuselage area-rule additions, with and without leading-edge vortex generators, and with and without boundary-layer trips on the wing. The wing pressure coefficients are tabulated. Comparisons between the airplane and model data show that higher second velocity peaks occurred on the airplane wing than on the model wing. The differences were attributed to wind tunnel wall interference effects that caused too much rear camber to be designed into the wing. Optimum flow conditions on the outboard wing section occurred at Mach 0.98 at an angle of attack near 4 deg. The measured differences in section drag with and without boundary-layer trips on the wing suggested that a region of laminar flow existed on the outboard wing without trips

Attitudes, Beliefs, and Responses to Stalking: A Law Enforcement Perspective

Approximately 3.4 million adults are stalked annually according to victim surveys, however this is not reflected in law enforcement data of those charged or convicted with stalking. Only 10.3% to 55% of stalking incidents are reported (Baum, Catalano, Rand, & Rose, 2009; Bjerregard, 2000; Tjaden & Thoennes, 1998) and rates of arrest, prosecution, and conviction of stalking offenders are even lower (Jordan et al. 2003; Storey & Hart, 2011; Tjaden & Thoennes, 1998). The current study looked to law enforcement to identify their beliefs about stalking which may impact the rates of formal legal action taken in stalking cases. Law enforcement responses were compared to a comparable group of victim advocates. Through various factor analyses and correlations, we found that participants who endorsed stalking myths reported using fewer informal helping strategies and found that characteristics of the victim and offender’s relationship was a substantial obstacle to handling stalking cases. Also, law enforcement officers gave more credit to stalking myths than did victim advocates even though their level of knowledge accuracy was very similar. No relationship was found between stalking knowledge accuracy and any criterion variable for either subpopulation group. Law enforcement officers and victim advocates both identified having difficulty determining what constituted stalking and how best to assess each situation implying that while trainings such as domestic violence may generalize to stalking, specialized stalking training is still warranted in order for officers to feel prepared to handle stalking cases.B.A

The use of FK-506 for small intestine llotransplantation: Inhibition of acute rejection and prevention of fatal graft-versus-host disease

Small intestine allotransplantation in humans is not yet feasible due to the failure of the current methods of immunosuppression. FK-506, a powerful new immunosuppressive agent that is synergistic with cyclosporine, allows long-term survival of recipients of cardiac, renal, and hepatic allografts. This study compares the effects of FK-506 and cyclosporine on host survival, graft rejection, and graft-versus-host-disease in a rat small intestine transplantation model. Transplants between strongly histoincompatible ACI and Lewis (LEW) strain rats, and their Fi progeny are performed so that graft rejection alone is genetically permitted (F1→LEW) or GVHD alone permitted (LEW→F1) or that both immunologic processes are allowed to occur simultaneously (ACI—»LEW). Specific doses of FK-506 result in prolonged graft and host survival in all genetic combinations tested. Furthermore, graft rejection is prevented (ACI→LEW model) or inhibited (rejection only model) and lethal acute GVHD is eliminated. Even at very high doses, cyclosporine did not prevent graft rejection or lethal GVHD, nor did it allow long-term survival of the intestinal graft or the host. Animals receiving low doses of cyclosporine have outcomes similar to the untreated control groups. No toxicity specific to FK-506 is noted, but earlier studies by other investigators suggest otherwise. © 1990 by Williams & Wilkin