Neutrophils, Crucial, or Harmful Immune Cells Involved in Coronavirus Infection: A Bioinformatics Study

The latest member of the Coronaviridae family, called SARS-CoV-2, causes the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The disease has caused a pandemic and is threatening global health. Similar to SARS-CoV, this new virus can potentially infect lower respiratory tract cells and can go on to cause severe acute respiratory tract syndrome, followed by pneumonia and even death in many nations. The molecular mechanism of the disease has not yet been evaluated until now. We analyzed the GSE1739 microarray dataset including 10 SARS-positive PBMC and four normal PBMC. Co-expression network analysis by WGCNA suggested that highly preserved 833 turquoise module with genes were significantly related to SARS-CoV infection. ELANE, ORM2, RETN, BPI, ARG1, DEFA4, CXCL1, and CAMP were the most important genes involved in this disease according to GEO2R analysis as well. The GO analysis demonstrated that neutrophil activation and neutrophil degranulation are the most activated biological processes in the SARS infection as well as the neutrophilia, basophilia, and lymphopenia predicted by deconvolution analysis of samples. Thus, using Serpins and Arginase inhibitors during SARS-CoV infection may be beneficial for increasing the survival of SARS-positive patients. Regarding the high similarity of SARS-CoV-2 to SARS-CoV, the use of such inhibitors might be beneficial for COVID-19 patients

The Investigation of Antibacterial Effects of Salvia Sahendica Extracts on Some Pathogenic Bacteria

Background: The salvia plant is one of the Lamiacea family members, that is being cultiurated all over the world. In Iran almost all spices of this plant could found, that are used for medical, food industry and parfumers production. Salvia sahendica genus is the member of this family, that its antibacterial effects on Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been investigated. Methods: In this study are used standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27852) Staphylococcus aureus, (ATCC 25923) and, Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 3583). Salvia was provided from Tabriz mall and was powdered. Then this powder was suspended with ratio 1:10 with Metanol, Aceton, Chloroform, Hexan, Ethyl acetate and water. After 24h extractions isolated and concentrated with distillated in vacuum system. Which of bacteria were cultured to over night in Mohler Hinton agar medium, then compared with 0.5 macfarland. In continue extraction were tested by used of well assay method and then the diameter of zone measured. Experiments repeated tree times and the average of data obtained. In each of tests we had a control from special solvent. Results: Regarding to the results, all of salvia sahendica extractions showed antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and. That regarding Klebsiella pneumonia, Ethanol, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Hexan, and regarding Staphylococcus aureus Metanol, Aceton, Chloroform, Hexan, Ethyl acetate and Pseudomonas aeruginosa only Chloroform this plant has antibacterial effects. Chloroform extraction of salvia shows the most antibacterial activity (with the biggest diameter of antibacterial zone). Conclusion: Regarding the carried out study it could be noted that for inhibition and destroying Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia, plants effects extraction could be used

Oncogenic viruses and chemoresistance: What do we know?

Chemoresistance is often referred to as a major leading reason for cancer therapy failure, causing cancer relapse and further metastasis. As a result, an urgent need has been raised to reach a full comprehension of chemoresistance-associated molecular pathways, thereby designing new therapy methods. Many of metastatic tumor masses are found to be related with a viral cause. Although combined therapy is perceived as the model role therapy in such cases, chemoresistant features, which is more common in viral carcinogenesis, often get into way of this kind of therapy, minimizing the chance of survival. Some investigations indicate that the infecting virus dominates other leading factors, i.e., genetic alternations and tumor microenvironment, in development of cancer cell chemoresistance. Herein, we have gathered the available evidence on the mechanisms under which oncogenic viruses cause drug-resistance in chemotherapy. © 2021 Elsevier Lt