A survey of fish fauna in Lake Kainji, New Bussa, Niger State

The survey of the fish fauna in Lake Kainji, Niger State and Kebbi state was carried out for a period of three months from August to October 2003 using fishermen’s catches. Forty two species of fish were identified and these were from the families Osteoglossidae, Gymnarchidae, Mormyridae, Characidae, Citharinidae, Distichodontidae, Cyprinidae Bagridae, Schilbeidae, Clariidae, Malapteruridae, Mochokidae, Channidae, Centropomidae, Cichlidae and Clupeidae. In terms of relative abundance, the family Bagridae has the highest species diversity of 20%, while Osteoglossidae, Citharinidae, Malapteruridae, Mochokidae, Centropomidae and Gymnarcidae had lowest species diversity of 2.5%.The study provides a biogenic history of fish species diversity within this period of the year in the last two decades. The significance of the study is to provide information towards a sustainable exploitation strategy in the community based management of the fisheries of the lake

Assessment of OvineSNP50 in Nigerian and Kenyan sheep populations

Deciphering genomic information requires markers that are polymorphic and sufficient enough to capture its vast array of genetic data. Polymorphic loci can differ greatly between breeds of the same species and the exclusion of the Nigerian and some African sheep breeds during the development of the OvineSNP50 chip necessitated the validation of SNPs included on the chip to allow for genomic applications of the excluded breeds. A total of sixty sheep samples were genotyped [10 each of the Balami, Uda, West African Dwarf and Yankasa from Nigeria, Dorper and Red Maasai from Kenya (East Africa)] using the Ovine 50k Illumina SNP bead chip. Results revealed that 33,994 SNPs (97.47%) of the called 34,876 SNPs were validated for downstream analysis. Mean heterozygosity values of 0.154 and 0.153 were obtained for polymorphic SNPs on sex and autosomal chromosomes respectively, while the values of 0.662 and 0.054 were obtained on the sex and autosomal chromosomes respectively for the mean identity-bystate (IBS). Six and three individuals violated the per ID and identity-by-state (IBS) thresholds, respectively. It was observed that the Ovine 50k Illumina SNP bead chip wasinformative in the Nigerian and East African sheep that were studied, and should be useful in examining the underlying genetic variation.Keywords: Sheep, OvineSNP50, genome-wide, call rate, minor allele frequenc

Design, simulation and implementation of a PID vector control for EHVPMSM for an automobile with hybrid technology

This work proposes a Model design simulation and implementation of a novel engine of an Electric Hybrid Vehicle of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (EHVPMSM) based on field oriented vector control. The experimental analysis was carried out using: automotive motor control MTRCKTSPS5604P, 3-Phase PMSM coded of a single Motor Control Kit with MPC5604P MCU and simulation with Simulink. Therefore, the direct torque control can be obtained by adjusting the magnitude and phase angle of the stator flux linkage to match the vector torque required by the load as fast as possible. This eradicates the stress of charging the vehicle battery. It automatically charges when it is connected to the main supply of the EHVPMSM. The electromagnetic torque can be increased from 0 Nm to 6.7 Nm in approximately 340 μs. The response of speed transient was from −2100 rpm to +2100 rpm in 100 ms of 6.7 Nm torque limit. This is a novel way of conserving the energy consumption in a vehicle, which conserves space and weight and minimizes cost as it is simply done with low-cost materials. In this research, a new mathematical model is proposed for the direct and quadrature axis of the current to control the speed mechanism for the engine. Computer simulation ensures experimental validation of the system with a percentage error of 4.5%. The methodology employed to control the system was with the use of various sensors and software controller, this can be easily implemented in industry and institutional laboratory of learning. Keywords: Permanent magnet machines, PID, EHVPMSM, Vector control, Hybrid vehicl

Experimental analytical design of CNC machine tool SCFC based on electro-pneumatic system simulation

AbstractA Smart Clamping Force Control (SCFC) is adapted to hold sensitive workpiece using magnetic proximity switch during a machining operation on the CNC machine tool. It has been ascertained that work-holding of different workpiece materials and shapes during machining operation is one of the problems encountered during CNC milling machining operations. This work proposes a novel clamping strategy for workpieces with the aid of SCFC. The purpose of the study is to adjust the forward movement of the clamp and reduce the damage caused by the clamp on the workpiece, this depends on the material of the work-piece. The speed of the clamp is reduced using the inlet flow control throttle valve and a magnetic proximity switch (MPS). It provides careful handling of workpiece and prevent it from damage and as well optimizes the forward movement of the cylinder. The proposed strategy is based on dynamic machine loading in which the impact of applied forces were monitored to optimize the clamping control system of the machine tool. The mode of operation and performance of the SCFC were simulated in the FluidSIM® software, and the validated results was presented on Festo workstation. This work therefore further elucidate the fundamental design criterion for machine tool clamping forces and the sustainable manufacture of its components

PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822) SUB-ADULT ARTIFICIALLY INFECTED WITH PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

Hematology and histopathological variations in Clarias gariepinus sub-adults subjected to oral challenge with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 were studied for a period of 21 days, with a view to assess the pathogenesis of the bacteria and compared with a control. The results were compared statistically using One-way ANOVA. The symptoms of the infected fish included tail and fin rot, internal hemorrhages and skin patches of superficial ulcers. Tissue sections revealed marked loss and sloughing off of the gill lamellar epithelium, liver showed that hepatocytes appear finely reticulated and foamy; however there were a few foci of large cytoplasmic vacuolations of the hepatocytes and the sinusoids were moderately congested while the intestine showed shortened rugae; the submucosa glands were reduced in numbers; however the surface epithelial cells appeared to be proliferating rapidly and immature (hyperplastic). There was a significant reduction in the mean values of packed cell volume from 34.67±5.2% to 22.33±0.3%, hemoglobin from 9.77±0.2g/dL to 6.97±0.2g/dL, red blood cell from 2.23±0.3x1012/L to 1.27±0.1 x1012/L and lymphocyte count from 69.00±2.3% to 52.33±0.9% of C. gariepinus after three weeks of exposure to P. aeruginosa. However, the reverse was the case in the mean values obtained for white blood cell and neutrophil for infected fish which were reasonably higher when compared to that of uninfected fish (17.13±0.5 to10.80±0.3x109/L) and (47.33±1.2% to 30.33±2.9%) respectively. It could therefore be concluded that changes in organs and blood parameters of fish occur proportionately to pathogen invasion

Hydrostatic reduction of intussusception with normal saline using the gravity aided method in a Nigerian teaching hospital

Background: The non-operative treatment of intussusception has evolved over the years. One of such treatment modalities is ultrasound guided hydrostatic reduction using barium, saline and other water soluble agents. Despite the benefits of this method, surgery remains the mainstay of treatment in our hospital as well as in many other Nigerian hospitals.Aim: To evaluate the success rate of ultrasound guided hydrostatic reduction of intussusception using the gravity aided saline reduction method.Method: This is a prospective study of hydrostatic reduction of intussusception using the gravity aided saline reduction method. Patients were seen between January and December 2015.Results: Thirty five cases who were confirmed to have intussusception by ultrasonography were seen but only 12 were suitable for the procedure. Seven patients (58.3%) had successful hydrostatic gravity aided saline reductions while five (41.7%) had failed reductions. One patient had a recurrence. Bowel perforation complicated the procedure in one patient, who required a laparotomy for further management.Conclusion: Ultrasound guided hydrostatic reduction with normal saline by gravity method is a reliable and safe method of reducing intussusceptions in carefully selected cases. Thus, it should be recommended as the primary mode of treatment provided there are no features of peritonitis.Keywords: Intussusception; ultrasound guided gravity and saline reductio

Wilms' Tumour: Experience in a Developing Tertiary Centre in Nigeria

Background: Children with Wilms' tumour present early in the developed countries with correspondingly good prognosis. The same however is not true in the developing countries where the patient present rather late. This study evaluates the impact of late presentation on the management of childhood Wilms' tumour in our environment. Methods: This was a retrospective study of children aged 0-15 years managed for Wilms' tumour from January 2004 to April 2010 in a Teaching Hospital in South Western Nigeria. Results: Thirty five patients that had nephroureterectomy for Wilms' tumour with a histological confirmation were included in this study. One child had a Stage 1 disease, 9 had Stage II disease, 20 had Stage III disease, 4 had Stage IV disease and 1 child had a bilateral lesion (Stage V). Five (14.28%) patients have completed their chemotherapy and survived without clinical and radiological evidence of recurrence for a period equal to their age at diagnosis plus 9 months (Cullen's law). Therefore they have been deemed cured. Ten patients were lost to follow-up. Others are on various phases of their chemotherapy, 2 patients had Adriamycin cardiomyopathy. There were 6 (17.14%) deaths. Conclusion: Childhood Wilms' tumour presents late in our setting with its consequent management challenges. The need to educate the populace and the primary healthcare providers on the benefits of early diagnosis and treatment of this condition cannot be overemphasized

Temporal variation of exposure from radio-frequency electromagnetic fields around mobile communication base stations

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) are subjected to a public perceived risk of adverse effects, and results from many epidemiology studies were largely inconclusive. Results of EMF measurements vary among researchers due to co-varieties of factors among which are temporal variations. This study assessed temporal variation of exposure from radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from some selected MCBSs in Kuje Area Council, in Nigeria. The Mobile phone frequencies band considered in the study area are GSM 900 MHz, GSM 1800 MHz, and Wi-Fi 2400 MHz. Using a selective radiation spectral analyzer HF- 2025E, measurements of peak power densities and their corresponding time of occurrence were made. The result shows that the RF fields vary with time in different locations for various power densities. When the aggregate of maximum exposures was compared with the international commission on Non – ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNRP) guidelines, they were found to be below the recommended limit