A genomic storm in critically injured humans

Critical injury in humans induces a genomic storm with simultaneous changes in expression of innate and adaptive immunity genes

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Not AvailableThe Government of India in its annual budget 2016-17 set a policy target of doubling farmers’ income by 2022. Agriculture sustains livelihood for more than half of the India’s total population. Doubling farmers’ income in such a short period is an overwhelming task for decision makers, scientists and policy makers. Doubling farmers’ income is possible through increasing total output and better price realization in market, reduction in production costs, diversification of product, efficient post-harvest management, value addition, etc. In this paper, efforts have been made to detail issues, challenges and strategies to achieve the target of doubling farmer’s income. Specific strategies suggested for achieving the target of doubling farmers’ income were market management, agricultural input management, risk management and agricultural extension strategies.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (IISWC) and its Research Centres have developed many watersheds in the country and implemented large number of mechanical Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) technologies for sustainable management of them. Though many evaluation studies were conducted on these watershed projects in the past, assessment of diffusion of the SWC technologies has not been done yet. This research study was conducted during 2012-15, with the specific objective to measure the extent of diffusion of mechanical SWC technologies and also ascertain the factors responsible for their diffusion. Indices of diffusion of SWC technologies from 37 watersheds revealed that more than one-fourth (27.82%) of SWC technologies were diffused from farmers’ fields in watersheds. Technology-wise data revealed that 37.72% farmers diffused bunding, land leveling diffused from 24.73% farmers’ fields, check dam technology diffused from 12.98% farmers’ fields, recharge filter diffused from 9.4% farmers’ fields, terracing diffused from 9% farmers’ fields, gully plug diffused from 5.33% farmers’ fields, and pond technology diffused from 3.38% farmers’ fields of watersheds developed by IISWC and its Centres in the country. The important SWC technologies diffused from watersheds were bunding, land leveling, check dam, recharge filter, terracing, gully plug technology and water pond due to the reasons of reduction in runoff & soil loss, moisture conservation, ground water recharge, and increase in agricultural production.Not Availabl

Comparison of Unipedal Stance Test for the Assessment of Balance Among Blind and Blind Folded Sighted Children: A Cross-sectional Study

This study aims to compare the unipedal stance test for assessment of balance among blind and blind folded sighted children. Balance of the body requires coordination of input from various sensory systems like somatosensory, visual and vestibular system. Any disparity in any of these systems may have negative impact on maintaining the posture balance. A cross sectional study was conducted on 181 blind folded sighted and 150 blind children aged 10-17 years. The unipedal stance test was used to assess postural balance. The children were instructed to stand comfortably on a bare foot of their choice with other foot raised. A stop watch was used to record time duration to stand on one foot. The best of the three trials was taken as a final result of that participant. Statistical analysis was done with the help of unpaired t test. Blind folded sighted children showed the significantly better postural balance (P=0.0001). On age wise comparison among blindfolded sighted children and blind children, blind folded sighted children showed more stable postural balance right from younger age group to older age group than the blind children of the same age group (P=0.0001)

Mineral Resources of the Raymond Mountain Wilderness Study Area, Lincoln County, Wyoming, U. S.

The 32,936-acre Raymond Mountain (WY-04Q-221) Wilderness Study Area lies in the Wyoming salient of the Idaho-Wyoming-Utah overthrust belt, in Lincoln County, extreme west-central Wyoming. The wilderness study area has no identified (known) mineral or energy resources. The wilderness study area has moderate energy resource potential for oil and gas. Less than 10 percent of the area has been leased for oil and gas exploration. The wilderness study area has low energy resource potential for coal, which may occur as thin layers in the Cokeville Formation. The wilderness study area has low mineral resource potential for phosphate. The Phosphoria Formation is only exposed in a fault block west of the study area and is exposed in the study area between Raymond and Rose Canyons. These otherwise deeply buried, unweathered beds contain low P2O6 values. The wilderness study area also has low mineral resource potential for vanadium in the Phosphoria Formation because of the depth of burial. The wilderness study area has low resource potential for other metals, including uranium, for high-purity limestone or dolostone, and for geothermal energy

United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1757-I

From abstract: This report concerns the resource extraction potential of the Raymond Mountain Wilderness Study Area, which has no identified (known) mineral or energy resources

Inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis after severe trauma is NFkappabeta dependent

BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammation may inhibit neutrophil (PMN) apoptosis and promote multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. We hypothesize that severe trauma causes dysregulation of PMN apoptosis. METHODS: Neutrophils were isolated from trauma patients (24-72 hours after injury; n = 16) and controls (healthy volunteers) and incubated for 18 hours. In separate experiments, control cells were treated +/- the nuclear factor kappa beta (NFkappabeta) inhibitor pyrrolidinithiocarbamate then incubated with 25% patient or control plasma. Apoptosis was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for histone-associated DNA and annexin V fluorescence-activated cell sorter. NFkappabeta activation was determined by Western blot for phosphorylated I kappabeta. RESULTS: Apoptosis was inhibited in trauma patient PMN. Neutrophil apoptosis correlated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, and platelet count. Patient plasma inhibited apoptosis and induced phosphorylation of I kappabeta in control cells. Inhibition of PMN apoptosis by patient plasma was blocked by pretreatment with pyrrolidinithiocarbamate. CONCLUSION: NFkappabeta-dependent inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis occurs after trauma. Early inhibition of PMN apoptosis is dependent on the magnitude of injury

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Not AvailableICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (IISWC) and its Research Centres have developed many model watershed projects in India in the past and implemented many soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies for sustainable watershed management. Although many evaluation studies were conducted on these watershed projects in the past, assessment of the post-adoption status of different agronomic SWC technologies over a longer period has not been done yet. It was imperative to appraise the behaviour of the farmers with regard to the continuance and discontinuance of the technologies adopted, diffusion and infusion that took place and technological gaps that occurred in due course of time on post watershed programme. Therefore, it was realized that the post-adoption behaviour of beneficiary farmers should be studied in detail, who have adopted different agronomic SWC technologies during implementation of watershed projects. The research study was carried out during 2012-15 as core project at Vasad as lead Centre alongwith ICAR-IISWC headquarter Dehradun, and centres Agra, Bellary, Chandigarh, Datia, Kota and Ooty, with the specific objectives of the study to measure the extent of post-adoption behaviour (continue-adoption, discontinuance, technological gap, and diffusion) of farmers towards adopted agronomic SWC technologies of watershed management. In the present study various indices regarding continue adoption, discontinuance, technological gap and diffusion towards agronomic SWC technologies for watershed management were developed for measurement of post-adoption behaviour of farmers. It was revealed that about sixty percent (58.9%) of agronomic SWC technologies were continued adopted and about forty percent (41.1%) were discontinued by farmers. Out of the total continued adopted agronomic SWC technologies by farmers, little more than forty percent (43.7%) of technologies were continued adopted with technological gap. About one-third (32.2%) of agronomic SWC technologies were also diffused to other farmers' fields in nearby villages from the watersheds developed by the ICARIISWC and its centres.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIndian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (IISWC) and its Research Centres have developed many model watershed projects successfully in India in the past and implemented many Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) technologies for sustainable watershed management. Though many evaluation studies were conducted on these projects in the past but assessment of the post-adoption status of the SWC technologies over a longer period has not been done yet. It was imperative to appraise the behaviour of the farmers with regard to the continuance or discontinuance of the technologies adopted, diffusion or infusion that took place and technological gaps that occurred in due course of time on post watershed programme. Therefore, it was realized that the post-adoption behaviour of beneficiary farmers who have adopted different soil and water conservation technologies for watershed management projects should be studied in detail. The research study was initiated in 2012 as Core project at Vasad as lead Centre along with IISWC headquarter Dehradun, and Centres Agra, Bellary, Chandigarh, Datia, Kota & Ooty, with the specific objectives of the study to measure the extent of post-adoption behaviour (continue-adoption, discontinuance, technological gap, diffusion and infusion) of farmers towards adopted SWC technologies of watershed management. In the present study various indices regarding continue adoption, dis-adoption (discontinuance), technological gap, diffusion, infusion regarding soil and water conservation technologies for watershed management were developed for measurement of post-adoption behaviour of farmers. It was revealed that little less than three-fourth (73.04 %) of SWC technologies were continued adopted and more than one-fourth (27.01%) were discontinued by farmers. Out of the total continue adopted SWC technologies by farmers, little less than one-fifth (18.96 %) of technologies were continued adopted with technological gap. More than one-fourth (27.82%) of SWC technologies were also diffused to other farmers’ fields in nearby villages and on an average 1.23 number of technologies were also infused into the farmers’ fields from outside by their own efforts in the watersheds developed by the IISWC and its Centres.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (IISWC) and its Research Centres have developed many model watersheds in the country and implemented large number of soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies for sustainable watershed management. Though many evaluation studies were conducted on these watershed projects in the past, assessment of discontinuance of the SWC technologies has not been done yet. This research study was conducted during 2012-15, with the specific objective to measure the extent of discontinuance of SWC technologies and also ascertain the factors responsible for discontinuance. Indices of discontinuance of SWC technologies from 38 watersheds revealed that more than one-fourth (27.01%) of SWC technologies were discontinued by farmers of different watersheds. Technologywise data revealed that 11.4% farmers discontinued bunding, 8% farmers discontinued land leveling, 6.5% farmers discontinued terracing, 3% farmers discontinued check dam and 1.3% farmers discontinued pond technologies. Important reasons were costly measures to maintain, regular maintenance requirement, labour constraints and marginal and small land holdings of farmers. Results imply that financial support to poor farmers for repair and maintenance of SWC structures may reduce discontinuance. Adoption of check dam, pond and bunding technologies is more beneficial in medium and large land holdings rather than marginal and small. Making farm equipment available for common use on hiring basis could help in repair and maintenance of SWC structures by overcoming the non-availability of labour.Not Availabl