EVALUATION AND QUALITY CONTROL OF NASAL SPRAY

Nasal drug delivery has now been recognized as a very promising route for delivery of therapeutic compounds including biopharmaceuticals. This route is also advisable for drugs undergoing extensive first pass effect. The present article highlights the evaluation parameters of nasal spray, suspension, and solutions. While formulating the nasal drug delivery formulations various parameters are to be consider such as Appearance, Color, and Clarity, Identification, Drug content (Assay), Impurities and Degradation Products, Preservative(s) and Stabilizing Excipient(s) Assay, Pump Delivery, Spray content uniformity, Spray Content Uniformity (SCU) through Container Life, Spray Pattern and Plume Geometry, Droplet Size Distribution, Particle size distribution (suspension),  Microscopic Evaluation (Suspensions), Foreign Particulates,  Microbial limit,  Preservative Effectiveness, Net Content and Weight Loss (Stability), Leachables (Stability), PH, Osmolality.   Key words: Nasal spray, Evaluation, Quality control, Drug delivery system

Analysis of VANET Protocols for Urban and Rural Area Using QualNet Simulator

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) a type of a wireless network is utilized for the cause of communication amid the vehicles and the Road Side Units (RSU). Essential applications of VANET are in Intelligent Transport System (ITS) that embraces safety-related services. VANET is a subset of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) which provides dynamic changes in topology and mobility along with high speed. VANET performs the network operation with greater efficiency and is highly reliable. The performance of VANET is tested with different protocols in urban and rural areas.  The scenarios for urban and rural areas are different. In this work, protocols considered are Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO). The simulation of urban and rural areas is done considering the parameters: throughput, end to end delay, jitter, and messages received using QualNet. The analysis of different protocols with these parameters is carried out for urban and rural areas; it is found that DSR protocol is best suitable for Urban as well as Rural areas