Effect of 12-weeks elastic band resistance training on MyomiRs and osteoporosis markers in elderly women with Osteosarcopenic obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Interorgan communication networks established during exercise in several different tissues can be mediated by several exercise-induced factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of resistance-type training using elastic band-induced changes of myomiRs (i.e., miR-206 and miR-133), vitamin D, CTX-I, ALP, and FRAX (R) score in elderly women with osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO). Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 63 women (aged 65-80 years) with Osteosarcopenic Obesity were recruited and assessed, using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry instrument. The resistance-type training via elastic bands was further designed three times per week for 12-weeks. The main outcomes were Fracture Risk Assessment Tool score, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen, expression of miR-206 and miR-133. Results: There was no significant difference between the study groups in terms of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool score (p = 0.067), vitamin D (p = 0.566), alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.334), C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (p = 0.067), microR-133 (p = 0.093) and miR-206 (p = 0.723). Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study illustrated 12-weeks of elastic band resistance training causes a slight and insignificant improvement in osteoporosis markers in women affected with Osteosarcopenic Obesity

The effect of sequence order of combined training (resistance and endurance) on strength, aerobic capacity and body composition in older women: a randomized clinical trial

زمینه و هدف: تمرین ترکیبی به عنوان یک مداخله توانبخشی موثر برای بهبود عملکرد جسمانی در افراد سالمند توصیه شده است. هدف اصلی از انجام این مطالعه، تعیین تأثیر ترتیب تمرین ترکیبی (استقامتی و قدرتی) بر قدرت عضلانی، توان هوازی و ترکیب بدن زنان سالمند بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی یالینی تعداد 40 نفر از زنان سالمند بازنشسته آموزش و پرورش انتخاب شدند و به طور تصادفی ساده به چهار گروه تمرین استقامتی + قدرتی(E+S) (9=n)، قدرتی + استقامتی (S+E) (10=n)، ترکیبی چرخشی (CI) (12=n) و کنترل (9n=) تقسیم شدند. برنامه های تمرینی برای گروه های تجربی به مدت 8 هفته و 3 روز در هفته انجام شد. قبل از شروع تمرین و 48 ساعت بعد از آخرین جلسه تمرینی ویژگی‌های آنتروپومتریکی شامل: قد، وزن، شاخص توده بدن (BMI)، محیط دور کمر، محیط دور باسن، نسبت کمر به باسن (WHR)، حداکثر اکسیژن مصرفی (VO2max) و درصد چربی آزمودنی‌ها اندازه گیری و مقایسه شد. یافته ها: تمامی شرکت کنندگان، در مطالعه شرکت و مطالعه را به پایان رساندند. بین تأثیر تمرینات ترکیبی با آرایش های مختلف در میزان کسب قدرت پایین تنه و VO2max اختلاف معنی داری وجود داشت. ترتیب تمرین منجر به اختلاف معنی داری در وزن، BMI و محیط کمر شد؛ همچنین، افزایش معنی دار قدرت بالا تنه فقط در گروه های E+S و CI و قدرت پایین تنه در همه گروه های تمرین ترکیبی مشاهده شد. نتیجه گیری: بر اساس یافته های این مطالعه، تمرینات ترکیبی با ترتیب مختلف برای بهبود قدرت عضلانی، توان هوازی و ترکیب بدنی در زنان سالمند توصیه می‌شود. مستقل از ترتیب تمرین، برنامه تمرینی تحقیق حاضر منجر به تغییرات مثبت در ترکیب بدن و آمادگی جسمانی در زنان سالمند شد

The effect of 10-week aerobic training with and without ginger supplementation on aerobic power, BFP, and insulin resistance in obese middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes

Background and aims: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with diseases. The use of supplements, herbal extracts, and exercise training for the treatment of diseases and metabolic disorders has increased among people. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 10-week aerobic training with and without ginger supplementation on aerobic power, BFP, and insulin resistance in obese middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this study, 46 obese diabetic women (BMI > 30, blood fasting sugar more than 150-250 mg/dL, 45-60 years old) were selected and randomly assigned into four groups, ginger (n=12), aerobic exercise training + ginger (n=12), aerobic exercise training (n=12) and control (n=10). Participants in supplementary groups received four 250 mg capsules ginger extract 1000 mg daily for 10 weeks. Aerobic training program included 10 weeks of training, 3 sessions per week and each session was 60 minutes at 55 maximum heart rate during the first week and gradually increased with the progress of the training program to 75 percent of maximum heart rate. Results: After 10 weeks, significant difference was observed in weight, BMI, body composition, VO2max, Insulin, fasting glucose and insulin resistance (P<0.05). In the within group changes was observed significant decrease in insulin levels and insulin resistance was in the aerobic exercise training + ginger group (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to obtained results, it appears that aerobic training plus ginger extract consumption have better effect on insulin levels and insulin resistance in obese middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes

The effect of resistance training on plasma and skeletal muscles sphingosine-1-phosphate levels of male Wistar rat

زمینه و هدف: اسفنگوزین-1-فسفات (S1P) یک اسفنگولیپید بیواکتیو مشتق شده از پلاکت ها می باشد که در تنظیم تکثیر، تمایز، هایپرتروفی و مقابله با مرگ برنامه ریزی شده سلولی و فعال سازی سلول های ماهواره ای درگیر می باشد. هدف این تحقیق بررسی اثر یک دوره تمرین مقاومتی 8 هفته ای بر میزان اسفنگوزین-1-فسفات (S1P) در پلاسما و عضلات کند و تند انقباض موش صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 24 سر موش صحرایی 8 هفته ای نر نژاد ویستار (190-250گرم) بصورت تصادفی به دو گروه کنترل (12n=) و تجربی (12n=) تقسیم شدند. در گروه تجربی 8 هفته تمرینات مقاومتی انجام شد. نردبان مقاومتی یک متری با فاصله میله های 2 سانتی متری با شیب 85 درجه به عنوان وسیله تمرین مقاومتی و وزنه های متصل شده به دم حیوان بعنوان مقاومت استفاده شد. مقدار اسفنگوزین-1-فسفات در لایه کلروفرم بوسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارآیی بالا (HPLC) اندازه گیری شد. یافته ها: تمرین مقاومتی محتوای اسفنگوزین-1-فسفات در عضلات تا کننده بلند انگشت شست پا (تند انقباضی) (003/0P=)، و نعلی (کند انقباضی) (008/0P=) و پلاسما (001/0P=) را در مقایسه با گروه کنترل افزایش داد. نتیجه گیری: تمرین مقاومتی بطور قابل ملاحظه ای بر میزان اسفنگوزین-1-فسفات عضلات اسکلتی تند و کند و پلاسما موش صحرایی اثر می گذارد. با توجه به نقش ساختاری و عملکردی این اسفنگولیپید از آنجا که این فاکتور بدنبال یک دوره تمرین مقاومتی افزایش می یابد، شاید یکی از فاکتورهای رشدی در مسیرهای سیگنال دهی در هایپرتروفی عضلانی باشد

Effect of 8 weeks resistance training on sphingosine-1- phosphate level and gene expression of SK1 enzyme, isoforms of MHCs in skeletal muscles of male Wistar Rats

Background and Objective: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in regulation of proliferation, differentiation, hypertrophy and anti-apoptosis and activation of satellite cells. This study was done to evaluated the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on sphingosine-1-phosphate level and gene expression of SK1 enzyme, isoforms of MHCs in skeletal muscles of male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was done on Twenty four 8-week-old 190-250 gr male Wistar rats. The rats were allocated randomly into control (N=12) and training (N=12) groups. Resistance training was done using a 1 meter height ladder with 2 cm grid with an 85 degree incline, and weights attached to rat's tails. The content of S1P present in the chloroform layer was determined by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Determination of relative mRNA expression was performed by Real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using SPSS-17, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and independent t-test. Results: Resistance exercise training increased the total content of S1P in FHL (fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles in comparison with control group (P<0.05). Resistance exercise training changed the gene expression of FHL SK1, SOL SK1, FHL MHC I, Sol MHC I, FHL MHC IIa, Sol MHC IIa, FHL MHC IIb, Sol MHC IIb, FHL MHC IIx, Sol MHC IIx in comparison with control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that S1P level and gene expression of SK1, MHCs increased at skeletal muscles after training

The effect of elastic resistance band training with green coffee supplementation on novel hepatic steatosis biomarkers in obese women: A randomized controlled trial

Background and aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) using elastic bands together with green coffee supplement on novel hepatic steatosis biomarkers (hepatic steatosis index [HSI] and Framingham steatosis index [FSI]) in middle-aged obese women. Materials and Methods: This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial performed on the basis of the CONSORT Statement at Shahrekord University in Iran (summer 2018). For this purpose, 60 obese women aged 30-60 years with a body mass index (BMI) of >30 kg/ m2 were selected to participate in this study and then they were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: green coffee (GC, n=15), resistance training and placebo (RT+P, n=15), green coffee and resistance training (GC+RT, n=15), and placebo groups (P, n=15). Results: The results showed no significant differences in FSI (P=0.822) and HSI (P=0.752) between four groups. However, there were significant increases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the RT+P (P=0.050) and GC+RT groups (P=0.032) and significant decreases in total cholesterol (TC) in the RT+P (P=0.023), GC+RT (P=0.006), and GC groups (P=0.041). Conclusion: The reduction of hepatic steatosis biomarkers in these individuals may require a longer period of resistance workouts or other exercises. Keywords: Elastic band resistance training, Green coffee, Hepatic steatosis biomarkers, Obesit

Long-COVID and post-COVID effects on childhood related to physical inactivity: A home-based exercise prescription

The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. Implementing social distancing policy measures, such as the stay-at-home order, to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only has affected lifestyles and weights in children but has also created an obesity-inducing environment, leading to modifications in the patterns of interactions between this age group and their surrounding environment. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic has been effective in childhood obesity and its prevalence rate may continue increasing. This narrative review aimed to synthesize evidence from global studies on physical inactivity, and obesity among children and adolescents during COVID-19, and then prescribe an evidence-based home exercise guideline for this age group. The study findings revealed that the COVID-19 restrictions have drastically multiplied physical inactivity and obesity in children. It has been further established that childhood obesity leads to numerous chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), psychosomatic disorders, lung diseases, and other metabolic problems in childhood and even as children grow up. Physical activity/exercise at home during and after COVID-19 has been correspondingly demonstrated to mitigate the problems associated with obesity. A wide range of resistance, aerobic, balance, flexibility and other types of exercises have been accordingly shown to protect against the negative effects of the pandemic on child health. Hence, efforts to facilitate such exercises are suggested to continue and be scaled up to prevent childhood obesity and relevant diseases during and after this unusual period

The study of effect of resistance training on plasma S1P level and gene expression of S1P1,2,3 receptors in male Wistar rat

Aim. The purpose of present study was to study the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on plasma Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) level and gene expression of S1P receptors in skeletal muscles of male Wistar rat. Methods. In this study 24 (8 week-old) male Wistar rats (190-250 gr) were divided randomly to a control (N.=12) and a training (N.=12) group. Resistance ladder was 1 meter height with 2 cm grid ladder. The content of plasma S1P and relative mRNA expression of S1P receptors were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Real-time PCR, respectively. Results. Resistance training increased the content of plasma S1P of exercised group compared to control group (P=0.001). Furthermore, Resistance exercise training increased the gene expression of S1P1 (P=0.001), S1P2 (P=0.000) and S1P3 receptors (P=0.021) in exercised flexor hallucis longus (FHL) compared to control group. In soleus (SOL) muscle, resistance training increased the gene expression of S1P1 (P=0.000), S1P2 (P=0.603) and S1P3 receptors (P=0.009). Conclusion. The key conclusion is that resistance training strongly caused to increase in plasma SIP content and its receptors in skeletal muscles of rat that might indicate to the involvement of S1P signalling in the molecular events controlling adaptations of resistance trained muscles which needs to be elucidated in future studies

Correlations Between Plasma Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and Gene Expression of S1P Receptors with Mogenic Regulatory Factors Following Resistance Training

Background: The purpose of present study was to investigate whether Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) levels and its receptors gene expressions are correlated with MyoD and myogenin following resistance training. Materials and Methods: 24 eight-week-old male Wistar rats (190-250 gr) were assigned randomly to a control (N = 12) or training (N = 12) group. Rats climbed a resistance training ladder with weights attached to their tails. The content of plasma S1P and relative mRNA expression were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Real-time PCR, respectively. Results: Resistance training increased the content of S1P in plasma (P = 0.001) and changed the gene expression of S1P1, S1P2 and S1P3 receptors. There were significant correlations between plasma S1P and gene expression of S1P2,3 receptors with gene expression of MyoD. There are correlations between satellite cells activation markers (MyoD and myogenin) and plasma S1P content and its receptors before and after resistance training. Conclusion: It might be concluded that S1P as a growth mediator may play an important role in skeletal muscle adaptations

The Impact of Combined Exercises in the Workplace on Body Composition and Some Psychological Indices of Female Employees After the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Impact of Combined Exercises in the Workplace on Body Composition and Some Psychological Indices of Female Employees After the COVID-19 Pandemic  Naderi Ashkeftaki KH 1, Ghafari M[1]2, Bani Talebi E 3 1 Master's degree in applied sports physiology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Shahrekord University, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran. 2 Assistant Professor, Sports Physiology Department, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Shahrekord University, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran. 3 Professor, Sports Physiology Department, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Shahrekord University, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran. Abstract Introduction: After the covid-19 pandemic, the immobility of people and the reduction of their physical activities increased. It seems necessary to maintain the motivation of employees to perform physical activity after this period because an employee's job in normal conditions is characterized by inactivity and inactivity. As a result, it affects the physical and mental health of the person, and following this event mentioned features intensified. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of combined exercises in the workplace on the fat profile and psychological indicators of female employees after the end of the Covid-19 disease. Materials and methods: This study is semi-experimental and applied, which was conducted on female employees of Shahrekord University in 1401. Thirty people were divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups randomly by inviting cooperation. The 12-week sports intervention was carried out three times a week, and each session lasted from 30 minutes to a maximum of one hour. The psychological indicators before and after the exercises, were evaluated by the relevant questionnaires. To measure the biochemical variables, blood samples (5 cc) were taken before and 48 hours after the end of the intervention. A correlation T-test was used for intra-group comparisons. An independent T-test was used for inter-group comparisons at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS software. Results: The findings showed that combined exercises in the work environment significantly improved the quality of life (p=0.001), sleep quality (p=0.001), mental well-being (p=0.001), belonging to work (p=0.001) and resilience (p=0.011) in the experimental group compared to the control. Also, no significant difference was observed in HDL (P=0.184), LDL (P=0.902), cholesterol (P=0.511), and triglyceride (P=0.268). Conclusion: Workplace combined exercises can significantly improve the employees' quality of life, sleep, and psychological issues. These results are important for managers and organizations to consider programs to maintain employees' mental and physical health, especially where viral diseases such as Covid-19 impact employee health. But it did not affect blood lipids (HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and cholesterol), which may be due to the low intensity and duration of the exercise and lack of control over the subjects' nutrition