A Study of the Incidence of Substance Abuse in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder with or without Self Injurious Behavior in Roozbeh Hospital in Tehran from Tir, 1387 to Tir, 1388

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence of substance abuse in patients with borderline personality disorder with or without self injurious behavior who referred to Rouzbeh hospital in Tehran from July 2008 to July 2009. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 70 patients with Borderline personality disorder. Only patients who were diagnosed according to DSM IV and psychiatric interview were recruited. A questionnaire was given to all patients including different items about self injurious behaviors, drug and substance abuse. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16.00 statistical software using Chi square and t test. Results: Of 70 patients, 35.7% were female and 64.3% were male. Rate of self injury was higher in male patients (58.6%). Moreover, substance abuse was significantly higher in patients with self injury. There was an inverse correlation between education level and self injury. In addition, 66.7% of the patients reported that they need medical management after self injury behavior. Forty (57.1%) of patients with self injury has history of psychiatry drugs consumption but there were no relationship between psychiatry drugs abuse and self injury. The most common substance abuses were (62.9%) alcohol, (57.1%) cannabis, (41.4%) Tramadol, (24.3%) crack, and (22.9%) ecstasy. Patients with self injury had higher rate of substance abuse. Conclusion: The result of this study as some similar studies indicated the high prevalence of substance abuse in borderline patients with or without self injury. Thus, it seems that considering substance abuse as a significant problem in these patients is essential

Effects of fasting on peripapillary capillary density, peripapillary nerve fiber layer, intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness

Purpose: To investigate the effects of fasting on intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness during Islamic fasting month of Ramadan. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy fasting volunteers were enrolled. All subjects underwent full ophthalmic examination and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of both eyes. All measurements were recorded first in the morning (8:00�10:00 a.m.) and then in the evening (4:00�6:00 p.m.). The first visit was performed during the second and third week of Ramadan and then two months later in a nonfasting routine day. Results: Mean age of participants was 40.07 ± 9.29 years. A significant decrease was found for evening IOP (11.17 ± 2.29 mmHg) in comparison with morning IOP (12.00 ± 2.28) (p = 0.00) only on fasting days. A decrease was observed for CCT both on fasting (6 μm) and nonfasting days (3 μm) (p = 0.00 and p = 0.02, respectively) in the evening. There was a significant increase in whole and peripapillary RPC density () on fasting days (48.79 ± 3.08 morning, 49.72 ± 2.85 evening for whole and 50.57 ± 4.06 morning, 51.64 ± 3.71 evening for peripapillary) (p = 0.00). Average RNFL thickness was decreased from morning to evening both on fasting days (0.80 μm) and nonfasting days (1.25 μm) (p = 0.00). Optic nerve head (ONH) vertical cup/disc (C/D) ratio was greater on fasting days (0.30 ± 0.25 morning, 0.31 ± 0.24 evening) in comparison with nonfasting days (0.27 ± 0.25 morning, 0.28 ± 0.25 evening) (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Fasting decreases the IOP and CCT in healthy subjects. OCTA revealed significant difference in RPC vessel density, RNFL thickness and ONH vertical C/D ratio during fasting hours in comparison with nonfasting days. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V