Reducing the Effect of Carbonation and Corrosion in Rice Husk Ash Concrete by Incorporating Polymer

Durability plays a vital role in life of a reinforced concrete structural member. To increase service life of a structure, it is important to reduce corrosion potential and carbonation attack. In order to reduce the corrosion and carbonation effect in concrete structures, various supplementary cementing materials are used. In this study, a novel composite is introduced to reduce corrosion potential and carbonation attack on Rice Husk Ash Polymer Modified Concrete (RHAPMC). An experimental work was conducted to check the behaviour of corrosion and carbonation attack in control concrete, cement was replaced with RHAPMC concrete at the ages of 30 and 180 days. The results indicate that the effect of corrosion potential and carbonation has been significantly reduced with the addition of polymer in the cement replaced concrete

Effects of Climate Change on Mountain Waters: A Case Study of European Alps

The Alps play a vital role in the water supply of the region through the rivers Danube, Rhine, Po and Rhone while they are crucial to the ecosystem. Over the past two centuries, we witnessed the temperature to increase by +2 degrees, which is approximately three times higher than the global average. Under this study, the Alps are analyzed using regional climatic models for possible projections in order to understand the climatic changes impact on the water cycle, particularly on runoff. The scenario is based on assumptions of future greenhouse gases emissions. The regional model results show the consistent warming trend in the last 30-year span: temperature in winter may increase by 3 to 4.5°C and summers by 4 to 5.5°C. The precipitation regime may also be altered: increasing about 10- 50% in winter and decreasing about 30-60% in summer. The changes in the amount of precipitation are not uninformed. Differences are observed particularly between the North West and South East part of the Alps. Due to the projected changes in alpine rainfall and temperature patterns, the seasonality of alpine flow regime will also be altered: massive rise will occur in winter and a significant reduction in summer. The typical low flow period during winter will also be shifted to late summer and autumn