AN EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATION OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY ON FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN PAKISTAN

The delivery of financial services was revolutionized by digitization, which compelled financial institutions to adopt technology that enables them to provide the best appropriate service at a reasonable price. However, due to recent disruption in the country's financial system, financial institutions must incorporate modern technologies to help lower ineffectiveness and improve service quality. This study investigates the impact of digital economy on financial sector competence. According to literature studies, financial organizations in Pakistan are attempting to adopt and integrate digitization into their operations. Given that a generous portion of Pakistan's population is considered digitally illiterate, the number of people who signed up for and used digital financial products was staggering. Therefore, financial institutions must incorporate their business functions with pertinent technology to maintain and improve profitability. Furthermore, they must invest in digital infrastructure and human resource training to incorporate technology in providing services. Policymakers should also strengthen data security and cybercrime laws, policies, and regulations to allow market participants for free and confident operation

Frequency of radial artery occlusion in patients with diabetes mellitus 24.hr and one month after coronary intervention

Introduction: Transradial coronary intervention (CI) is frequently complicated by radial artery occlusion (RAO). The research has a variety of prevalence reports, and its indicators are not properly known. The purpose of this research was to analyze the frequency of RAO in diabetes mellitus patients 24 hours and one-month following CI. Methods: In this study, 1,350 participants (included 101 repeated operations after one month) who undergo 1,451 CI, were involved. Participants were assessed for RAO 24 hours and one month following CI. The major result was not identified in 47 participants (3.2%), thus, data on 1,303 participants were provided for analysis of the data. After receiving CI for 24 hours and a month, individuals with diabetic mellitus (DM) had their predictors of RAO examined using multiple regression analysis. Results: The total participants of 1,303 included 1,018 (78.1%) men and 285 (21.6%) women, with an average age of 57.6 years. The major result was not identified in 47 participants (3.2%), thus, data on 1,256 participants were provided for analysis of the data, in which 149 participants (12.3%) had the primary outcomes. There were 46 women (30.2%) in the RAO group. In the RAO cohort, DM was found in 58 (39.5%) individuals.&nbsp

Evaluation of the effects of dental fluorosis (DF) on the oral health related life quality between 11–14 years school children in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa

Background: Teenagers' classroom absences were correlated with oral health issues including dental problems. In contrast to severe traumas, gingivitis and periodontal disease have been shown to have a negative effect on Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in teenagers. Objective: The research's objective was to evaluate how Dental fluorosis affected kids aged 11 to 14 in terms of their quality of life and condition-specific oral influence on daily performance. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted Between February 2021 and March 2022, to examine the effects of DF on OHRQoL among students aged 11 to 14 in Peshawar's fluoridated areas. 240 Peshawar-based school children between the ages of 11 and 14 took part in the research. Results: The mean CS OIDP score for high fluoridated areas was 38.84. Additionally, it demonstrates that students struggle most with socialising (7.87), which has the highest mean score, and eating (3.14), which has the lowest mean score. Conclusion: The findings of this research can serve as a warning to dental to conduct demographic research at the town and county level to identify risk variables and determine potential treatments and prevention methods

Cephalometric analyses of the craniofacial pattern using the Jarabak analysis

Background: For an accurate orthodontic diagnosis and management, knowledge of face development and progression is required. Objective: To evaluate the linear cranial base (LCB) and angular cranial base (ACB) measurements in various Anterior and Posterior (AP) skeletal correlations, research study used Bjork-Jarabak evaluation. Material and Methods: A total of 220 young participants presenting (120 females and 100 males; average ages of 19.34 ± 2.51 and 24.84 ± 2.81 years, correspondingly) at the Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan from March 2022 to September 2022, Pakistan, served as the basis for this retrospective cross-sectional study. Results:  In comparison to Jarabak's standards, male dimensions revealed significant differences in the articular angle, AP cranial bases, ramus height, jaw length, anterior face height while women displayed low significant differences, with the exception of mandibular body length, which is longer in Pakistani women. Conclusion: Skeletal differences between Pakistani man and women were considerable, and a contrast to the study of Bjork Jarabak's standardized linear and angular values was also noteworthy

Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of nigella sativa leaves extracts against human pathogenic bacteria

Objective: The current study objective was to explore the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening (Alkaloids, Flavonoid, Saponins, Phenolic compounds, terpenoid) of leaves extract of Nigella sativa. Study Design: Experimental study Place and duration of study: The current study was performed in Department Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT) at the University of Haripur. Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan from March 2021 to February 2022. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done on Muller Hinton agar (MHA) using the disk diffusion method. Screening of N. sativa leaves extracts against Gram-positive bacteria Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella species, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were carried out using standard methods. Results: The results showed that ethanol, chloroform, hexane extract of nigella sativa had the best antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Salmonella species, E. coli and K. pneumonia. Leaves extract of N. sativa were found to contain terpenoid, flavonoid, alkaloids, phenolic compounds except for saponins. Nigella sativa leaves showed good antibacterial activity against clinical multi-drug resistant bacteria. Conclusions: The results of this study provide useful bioactive compounds that show strong antibacterial activity against different multi drug resistant (MDR) including gram negative and gram positive bacteria

Association of vitamin D deficiency with diabetic gastroparesis and its intramuscular vitamin D treatment

Introduction: Diabetic gastroparesis (DGp) is a component of autonomic neuropathy resulting from long-standing poorly controlled type 1 and type 2 diabetes. There are currently no approved vitamin D supplementation recommendations for people with DGp. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and DGp, as well as the efficacy of intramuscular vitamin D therapy. Methodology: 71 patients (18 DM Gp & 53 Non-DM Gp) seeking treatment for gastroparesis symptoms were studied. The blood levels of vitamin D, homocysteine, gastric emptying test (GET) at 1, 2, and 4 h were recorded. 25-OH vitamin D levels were detected by kit. Potential clinical and statistical correlations between all results, symptoms, and GET data were explored. Descriptive statistics were used to investigate etiologic differences at baseline while multiple linear regression models were employed to explore relationships of vitamin D deficiency with diabetic gastroparesis and its intramuscular vitamin D treatment. Results: Majority of DGp patients were older than 18 years (88%) and were non-smokers (83%). The majority of those with and without diabetes were married (11; 71% vs. 34; 64%). The majority of participants in the DM group had only completed elementary school (n=7/18; 38.8%).&nbsp