Serum resistin as an independent marker of aortic stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease

<div><p>Background</p><p>Subjects with higher carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) will be at an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) events in future. Resistin is an inflammatory mediator and a biomarker of CV diseases. We evaluated the association between serum resistin and aortic stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).</p><p>Methods</p><p>A total of 104 patients with CAD were enrolled in this study. cfPWV was measured using the SphygmoCor system. Patients with cfPWV >10 m/s were defined as the high aortic stiffness group.</p><p>Results</p><p>Thirty-seven patients (35.6%) had high aortic stiffness and higher percentages of diabetes (<i>p</i> = 0.001), were of older age (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and had higher waist circumference (<i>p</i> < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (<i>p</i> = 0.027), pulse pressure (<i>p</i> = 0.013), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and resistin levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (<i>p</i> = 0.009) compared to subjects with low aortic stiffness. After adjusting for factors significantly associated with aortic stiffness by multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum resistin (odds ratio = 1.275, 95% confidence interval: 1.065–1.527, <i>p</i> = 0.008) was also found to be an independent predictor of aortic stiffness in patients with CAD.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Serum resistin level is a biomarker for aortic stiffness in patients with CAD.</p></div

Clinical variables of the 104 patients with coronary artery disease with high or low aortic stiffness.

<p>Clinical variables of the 104 patients with coronary artery disease with high or low aortic stiffness.</p

Correlation between serum resistin levels and clinical variables among the 104 patients with coronary artery disease.

<p>Correlation between serum resistin levels and clinical variables among the 104 patients with coronary artery disease.</p

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the factors correlated with aortic stiffness among the 104 patients with coronary artery disease.

<p>Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the factors correlated with aortic stiffness among the 104 patients with coronary artery disease.</p

Clinical characteristics and serum resistin levels of the 104 patients with coronary artery disease.

<p>Clinical characteristics and serum resistin levels of the 104 patients with coronary artery disease.</p

Multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis of height, body weight, body mass index, triglyceride, HOMA-IR and FGIR: correlation to plasma Nt-proBNP levels among 49 congestive heart failure patients.

<p>HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; FGIR, fasting glucose to insulin ratio.</p>*<p><i>p</i><0.05 was considered statistically significant after multivariate stepwise linear regression analyses.</p

The association between plasma Nt-proBNP levels and NYHA functional capacity in the 49 CHF patients.

<p>Data was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (AVONA) test.</p

Correlation of plasma Nt-proBNP levels and clinical variables by univariable linear regression analyses among the 49 congestive heart failure patients.

<p>HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment of β cell function; FGIR, fasting glucose to insulin ratio.</p>*<p><i>p</i><0.05 was considered statistically significant after univariate linear analyses.</p

Clinical variables of the patients with or without congestive heart failure.

<p>CHF, congestive heart failure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment of β cell function; FGIR, fasting glucose to insulin ratio.</p>*<p><i>p</i><0.05 was considered statistically significant after performing the Student <i>t</i>-test or Mann-Whitney U test (Nt-proBNP, CRP, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, FGIR).</p

Hyperleptinemia positively associated with central arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients

<div><p>Objective</p><p>Leptin plays a role in stimulating vascular inflammation, vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy, and augmenting blood pressure, which contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and leads to arterial stiffness. This vascular damage, measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), is recognized as an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum leptin and arterial stiffness in HD patients.</p><p>Patients and methods</p><p>In 112 of the 126 HD patients were eligible and their biochemical data were collected for analysis. Serum leptin level was measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was measured by a validated tonometry system (SphygmoCor). Those have cfPWV values above 10 m/s are defined as the high arterial stiffness group.</p><p>Results</p><p>Among the participants, thirty-eight of them who were in the high arterial stiffness group, had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.002), age (p = 0.029), body mass index (BMI, p = 0.018), body fat mass (p = 0.001), hemoglobin (p = 0.040), and serum leptin levels (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that leptin (odds ratio [OR] 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.14; p <0.001), diabetes (OR 7.17; CI 1.39–37.00; p = 0.019), body fat mass (OR 1.16; CI 1.02–1.33; p = 0.027); and hemoglobin (OR 2.11; CI 1.15–3.87; p = 0.015) were independently associated with arterial stiffness in HD patients.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>In our study, hyperleptinemia was positively correlated to the high cfPWV and thus was related to high arterial stiffness in HD patients.</p></div