Dynamical Gauge Boson and Strong-Weak Reciprocity

It is proposed that asymptotically nonfree gauge theories are consistently interpreted as theories of composite gauge bosons. It is argued that when hidden local symmetry is introduced, masslessness and coupling universality of dynamically generated gauge boson are ensured. To illustrate these ideas we take a four dimensional Grassmannian sigma model as an example and show that the model should be regarded as a cut-off theory and there is a critical coupling at which the hidden local symmetry is restored. Propagator and vertex functions of the gauge field are calculated explicitly and existence of the massless pole is shown. The beta function determined from the $Z$ factor of the dynamically generated gauge boson coincides with that of an asymptotic nonfree elementary gauge theory. Using these theoretical machinery we construct a model in which asymptotic free and nonfree gauge bosons coexist and their running couplings are related by the reciprocally proportional relation.Comment: 19 pages, latex, 6 eps figures, a numbers of corrections are made in the tex

Solvable Optimal Velocity Models and Asymptotic Trajectory

In the Optimal Velocity Model proposed as a new version of Car Following Model, it has been found that a congested flow is generated spontaneously from a homogeneous flow for a certain range of the traffic density. A well-established congested flow obtained in a numerical simulation shows a remarkable repetitive property such that the velocity of a vehicle evolves exactly in the same way as that of its preceding one except a time delay $T$. This leads to a global pattern formation in time development of vehicles' motion, and gives rise to a closed trajectory on $\Delta x$-$v$ (headway-velocity) plane connecting congested and free flow points. To obtain the closed trajectory analytically, we propose a new approach to the pattern formation, which makes it possible to reduce the coupled car following equations to a single difference-differential equation (Rondo equation). To demonstrate our approach, we employ a class of linear models which are exactly solvable. We also introduce the concept of ``asymptotic trajectory'' to determine $T$ and $v_B$ (the backward velocity of the pattern), the global parameters associated with vehicles' collective motion in a congested flow, in terms of parameters such as the sensitivity $a$, which appeared in the original coupled equations.Comment: 25 pages, 15 eps figures, LaTe

Quality of Life (QOL) Of Masters’ Athletes : Toward Sports Participation in Social Activities

Psychosocial conditions of Masters’ athletes were clarified who participated in sports competitions. Subjects are 97 male participants (63.9±11.5 years old) for International Gold Masters in Kyoto 2013、Japan. Their average career was 15.2±11.1 years. Questionnaires were distributed and they were asked to fill in during the day. The survey included basic attributes, life satisfaction, and how to spend leisure time. Methods included the comparison for non-elderly (<64), early elderly (65-74), and elderly (75< years) groups. As a result, life satisfaction was generally good, and leisure time was mainly for exercise/sports and other social activities. These results suggest that participating Masters Sports would lead to social activities and improve their QOL

Sports Value and Orientation Awareness for Masters’ Athletes

Background: Masters’ athletes are evaluated to maintain adequate health in mind and body. This study was to investigate sports value and orientation awareness. Subjects and Methods: Applicants were 90 masters’ athletes and methods include a questionnaire requesting survey response and calculation by group division (< 64 and 65< years). Results: Both groups considered important record/victory, health maintenance rather than friends or leisure factors. As to sports value, the recreation and abstinence types were common rather than leisure and Agôn types. Discussion and Conclusion: These results suggest that athlete perspective would show enthusiasm, skills and pleasure for daily sports life

Neurological and Psychological Common Points of Life Skills Obtained From Musical and Sports Activity Experience

Modern human are categorized for “homo sapiens” and also “homo ludens” by Johan Huizinga. It means important “play” of society and culture, such as music and sports activity. Through these activities, people obtain useful and beneficial life skills during young period. They include emotional skills, social skills, goal setting, leadership, teamwork and so on. Another category shows five specific life skills as control, optimism, self-determination, emotional stability and conscientiousness. These skills make it easier to adapt to changes in lifestyle habits during each person's life cycle. In this way, music activity and experience contribute much to the significant life

Presence of Many Stable Nonhomogeneous States in an Inertial Car-Following Model

A new single lane car following model of traffic flow is presented. The model is inertial and free of collisions. It demonstrates experimentally observed features of traffic flow such as the existence of three regimes: free, fluctuative (synchronized) and congested (jammed) flow; bistability of free and fluctuative states in a certain range of densities, which causes the hysteresis in transitions between these states; jumps in the density-flux plane in the fluctuative regime and gradual spatial transition from synchronized to free flow. Our model suggests that in the fluctuative regime there exist many stable states with different wavelengths, and that the velocity fluctuations in the congested flow regime decay approximately according to a power law in time.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Energy Dissipation Burst on the Traffic Congestion

We introduce an energy dissipation model for traffic flow based on the optimal velocity model (OV model). In this model, vehicles are defined as moving under the rule of the OV model, and energy dissipation rate is defined as the product of the velocity of a vehicle and resistant force which works to it.Comment: 15 pages, 19 Postscript figures. Reason for replacing: This is the submitted for

Toda Lattice Solutions of Differential-Difference Equations for Dissipative Systems

In a certain class of differential-difference equations for dissipative systems, we show that hyperbolic tangent model is the only the nonlinear system of equations which can admit some particular solutions of the Toda lattice. We give one parameter family of exact solutions, which include as special cases the Toda lattice solutions as well as the Whitham's solutions in the Newell's model. Our solutions can be used to describe temporal-spatial density patterns observed in the optimal velocity model for traffic flow.Comment: Latex, 13 pages, 1 figur

Early improvement of HbA1c, weight and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patient by Rybelsus (oral semaglutide)

Background: Latest topic for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) would be oral semaglutide (Rybelsus). Case presentation: Patient is 74-year-old female with T2D. She showed 65.5 kg (BMI 28.7 kg/m2) and HbA1c 7.4% in Feb 2022. Results: She started Rybelsus 3-7mg/day, and then she had clinical effects as 58kg and 6.0% in June 2022, respectively. Discussion: Rybelsus is characteristic for its clinical efficacy of improvement for glucose variability and body weight. Various data were from Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with Obesity (STEP) and Peptide Innovation for Early diabetes treatment (PIONEER) studies. This report becomes hopefully useful reference for diabetic research