Neonatal Gram Negative and Candida Sepsis Survival and Neurodevelopmental Outcome at the Corrected Age of 24 Months

Objectives: To evaluate the long term neurodevelopmental outcome of premature infants exposed to either gram- negative sepsis (GNS) or neonatal Candida sepsis (NCS), and to compare their outcome with premature infants without sepsis. Methods: Historical cohort study in a population of infants born at <30 weeks gestation and admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam during the period 1997-2007. Outcome of infants exposed to GNS or NCS and 120 randomly chosen uncomplicated controls (UC) from the same NICU were compared. Clinical data during hospitalization and neurodevelopmental outcome data (clinical neurological status; Bayley -test results and vision/hearing test results) at the corrected age of 24 months were collected. An association model with sepsis as the central determinant of either good or adverse outcome (death or severe developmental delay) was made, corrected for confounders using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Of 1362 patients, 55 suffered from GNS and 29 suffered from NCS; cumulative incidence 4.2% and 2.2%, respectively. During the follow-up period the mortality rate was 34% for both GNS and NCS and 5% for UC. The adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) [95% CI] for adverse outcome in the GNS group compared to the NCS group was 1.4 [0.4-4.9]. The adjusted ORs [95% CI] for adverse outcome in the GNS and NCS groups compared to the UC group were 4.8 [1.5-15.9] and 3.2 [0.7-14.7], respectively. Conclusions: We found no statistically significant difference in outcome at the corrected age of 24 months between neonatal GNS and NCS cases. Suffering from either gram -negative or Candida sepsis increased the odds for adverse outcome compared with an uncomplicated neonatal period

Fatores de risco associados à mortalidade de recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso na cidade de Botucatu, São Paulo, no período 1995-2000 Risk factors for mortality in very low birth-weight infants in the city of Botucaty, State of São Paulo, during the period 1995-2000

OBJETIVOS: avaliar as práticas assistenciais, a ocorrência de doenças, a mortalidade durante a hospitalização e os fatores associados em recém-nascidos prematuros de muito baixo peso (PT-MBP). MÉTODOS: estudo transversal comparando dois períodos: 1995-1997 e 1998-2000 e envolvendo todos os PT-MBP nascidos vivos (n= 451), em um centro perinatal, em Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. Os fatores de risco pré-natal e pós-natal foram submetidos a análise multivariada. RESULTADOS: a mortalidade diminuiu de 36,2% para 29,5%. A sobrevida melhorou e foi superior a 50% a partir de 28 semanas e de 750 g de peso. O uso de corticosteróide antenatal aumentou de 25% para 42%, o surfactante exógeno de 14% para 28%, com redução na incidência e gravidade da síndrome do desconforto respiratório. A regressão logística mostrou que a síndrome do desconforto respiratório grave, Odds ratio=18, e a sepse precoce, Odds ratio=2,8, foram importantes fatores de risco para morte em 1995-1997. No período de 1998-2000, a sepse precoce e tardia, Odds ratio=10,5 e 12, respectivamente, aumentaram o risco de morte. CONCLUSÕES: a melhora na assistência perinatal diminuiu a mortalidade do PT-MBP. O aumento na exposição antenatal ao corticosteróide diminuiu a gravidade da síndrome do desconforto respiratório. Em 1998-2000, a sepse foi o único fator de risco para morte.<br>OBJECTIVES: to evaluate perinatal care, the incidence of diseases, and mortality during hospitalization and associated risk factors in very low birth-weight infants (VLBW). METHODS: a cross sectional survey comparing two periods: 1995-1997 and 1998-2000, including all live-born VLBW preterm infants (n= 451), delivered at a level III perinatal center in the city of Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The antenatal and postnatal risk factors were analyzed using multivariable techniques. RESULTS: mortality decreased from 36.2% to 29.5%. The survival of infants 750 g, and 28 weeks' gestation improved and was higher than 50%. The use of antenatal corticosteroid increased from 25% to 42%, surfactant therapy from 14% to 28%, and the incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome decreased. Regression analysis showed that severe respiratory distress syndrome (Odds ratio= 18) and early-onset sepsis (Odds ratio=2.8) were important risk factors for death in 1995-1997. During 1998-2000 early- and late-onset sepsis (Odds ratio=10.5 and 12 respectively) increased the risk of death. CONCLUSIONS: the improvement in perinatal care has reduced the mortality of VLBW infants. The increase in antenatal corticosteroid exposure has reduced the severity of respiratory distress syndrome. In 1998-2000, sepsis was the only risk factor associated with death