Strategies to connect and integrate urban planning and environmental planning through focusing on sustainability: case study of Cheongju City, Korea

This study has intended to find strategies which connect and integrate urban planning and environmental conservation planning through acquiring sustainability applied to Cheongju City, a local government of Korea. To overcome inefficiency happened during the process of urban and environmental planning practice in Korea, it is necessary to find strategies to integrate both planning practices through focusing on 'sustainable urban development.' This study, therefore, has suggested to make 'sustainable city development law' for national level and 'sustainable urban development ordinance' for local level, and provided the process and contents of the 'sustainable urban development planning' based on the suggested law and the ordinance, so that unmatched planning period of both plans could be adjusted (for 20 years), and the overlapped contents could be removed through identifying future goal of sustainable development

Strategies to connect and integrate urban planning and environmental planning through focusing on sustainability: case study of Cheongju City, Korea

This study has intended to find strategies which connect and integrate urban planning and environmental conservation planning through acquiring sustainability applied to Cheongju City, a local government of Korea. To overcome inefficiency happened during the process of urban and environmental planning practice in Korea, it is necessary to find strategies to integrate both planning practices through focusing on 'sustainable urban development.' This study, therefore, has suggested to make 'sustainable city development law' for national level and 'sustainable urban development ordinance' for local level, and provided the process and contents of the 'sustainable urban development planning' based on the suggested law and the ordinance, so that unmatched planning period of both plans could be adjusted (for 20 years), and the overlapped contents could be removed through identifying future goal of sustainable development

Optimal target blood pressure for the primary prevention of hemorrhagic stroke: a nationwide observational study

BackgroundThere are few reports on the preventative value of intensive blood pressure (BP) management for stroke, especially hemorrhagic stroke (HS), after new criteria for hypertension (HTN) were announced by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association in 2017.AimsThis study aimed to identify the optimal BP for the primary prevention of HS in a healthy population aged between 20 and 65 years.MethodsWe conducted a 10-year observational study on the risk of HS, subclassified as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) according to BP categories (e.g., low normal BP, high normal BP, elevated BP, stage 1 HTN, and stage 2 HTN) using the National Health Insurance Service Database.ResultsOut of 8,327,751 participants who underwent a health checkup in 2008, 949,550 were included in this study and observed from 2009 to 2018. The risk of ICH was significantly increased in men with stage 2 HTN {adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.002 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.203–3.332]} and in women with stage 1 HTN [aHR 2.021 (95% CI, 1.251–3.263)]. The risk of SAH was significantly increased in both men [aHR 1.637 (95% CI, 1.066–2.514)] and women [aHR 4.217 (95% CI, 2.648–6.715)] with stage 1 HTN. Additionally, the risk of HS was significantly increased in men with stage 2 HTN [aHR 3.034 (95% CI, 2.161–4.260)] and in women with stage 1 HTN [aHR 2.976 (95% CI, 2.222–3.986)].ConclusionTo prevent primary HS, including ICH and SAH, BP management is recommended for adults under the age of 65 years with stage 1 HTN

Strategies to connect and integrate urban planning and environmental planning through focusing on sustainability: case study of Cheongju City, Korea

This study has intended to find strategies which connect and integrate urban planning and environmental conservation planning through acquiring sustainability applied to Cheongju City, a local government of Korea. To overcome inefficiency happened during the process of urban and environmental planning practice in Korea, it is necessary to find strategies to integrate both planning practices through focusing on 'sustainable urban development.' This study, therefore, has suggested to make 'sustainable city development law' for national level and 'sustainable urban development ordinance' for local level, and provided the process and contents of the 'sustainable urban development planning' based on the suggested law and the ordinance, so that unmatched planning period of both plans could be adjusted (for 20 years), and the overlapped contents could be removed through identifying future goal of sustainable development

Environmental justice and Superfund NPL designation in the application of the Hazard Ranking System: Case study in EPA region III using GIS

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA, also called Superfund), was enacted in 1980 to respond to growing abandoned hazardous-waste-site problems. Under the Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) designed the National Priorities List (NPL) to set priorities for cleaning up Superfund sites in accordance with the Hazard Ranking System (HRS) score for each site. The Office of Technology Assessment, the National Research Council, and other researchers have reported that the HRS score has been manipulated in data collection and sampling by interested parties to meet their individual objectives. In contrast to poor and minority communities, affluent communities have more resources to invest in comprehensive site investigation, yielding a potential for socioeconomic inequity in the site-screening process. This potential bias can lead to an environmental justice problem. This dissertation investigates the following hypotheses: (1) the HRS score is not a significant predictor for NPL designation; and, (2) race/ethnicity and socioeconomic factors of affected communities are significant predictors for NPL designation. To test the first hypothesis, this dissertation employed both descriptive and statistical techniques to analyze real HRS scores for both NPL and non-NPL sites in EPA region III. To test the second hypothesis, this dissertation performed logistic regression analysis using site-specific demographic data within a certain radius from each site, as calculated by the aggregation method using a Geographic Information System (GIS) Arcview. As previous studies have argued and as this dissertation hypothesizes, the results of several analyses for testing both hypotheses show that the HRS score is not a significant predictor for NPL designation, and show that the percentage of black people, the percentage of people living under the poverty line, and population density are significant predictors for NPL designation. Thus, the HRS score is not the major criterion for NPL designation. Rather, race/ethnicity and socioeconomic factors actually control the trajectory of a Superfund site\u27s cleanup. The fact that variables of Black (minority status) and low-income are significant predictors for NPL designation means that environmental injustice effects exist in the HRS process for NPL designation. In conclusion, Race/ethnicity and income factors have been major forces for NPL designation in EPA Region III

The Impacts of Urban Air Pollution Emission Density on Air Pollutant Concentration Based on a Panel Model

In terms of urban planning, the impact of urbanization and high density on the environment is a major issue. This study intended to analyze the effect of spatial density characteristics of urban air pollution sources on urban air pollution concentration using a panel model. As the total population density, the number of cars registered per capita, and the total emission facility density increased, together with a closer distance to a thermal power plant, the nitrogen dioxide(NO2) concentration increased. Net population density was also found to have the greatest impact on the structure and density of emission sources of ozone(O3) followed by the number of cars registered per person and the total emission facility density. It was confirmed that particular matter(PM10) concentrations are strongly influenced in positive directions by the spatial density characteristics of emission sources that show significant differences between regions

Spatial Configurations for The Revitalization of a Traditional Market: The Case of Yukgeori Market in Cheongju, South Korea

Changes in consumer purchasing patterns in South Korea in the 1990s led to a gradual decline in traditional markets. However, Yukgeori Market, a representative and unique traditional market in the city of Cheongju, has survived and continued to develop while maintaining the physical and operational characteristics of a traditional market. There is a lack of studies on the revitalization of traditional markets in non-metropolitan areas outside of Seoul in Korea. Thus, this study has identified the characteristics of the spatial configurations that foster the vitality of traditional markets by analyzing the attributes of the spaces based on their accessibility in the street network of Cheongju, and especially in the neighborhood surrounding Yukgeori Market. This was done by calculating the depths of the nodes in the network using a spatial analytical model. The results showed that long streets with a high public level (integration), which attract people and act as a communication bridge between highly modernized commercial areas and traditional markets as well as a boundary to preserve and develop a market’s traditional characteristics, can lead to the sustainable development of both types of area