Učinak prepartalne primjene vitamina E i selena na reprodukcijske funkcije indijskih jakova (Poephagus grunniens).

Yaks are the main source of livelihood for the highlanders in India as major agriculture is meager in yak inhibiting tracts due to adverse agro-climatic conditions. Under field condition, the reproduction in yak is seasonal which could be due to lack of feed and stress rather than inherent characteristics. The aim of the study was to check efficacy of vitamin E and selenium parenteral administration during late gestation period on postpartal fertility in yak. Altogether 21 yak cows were randomly divided into 3 groups (two treatment groups and controls) with 7 animals each. The animals within both treated group received a commercial preparation containing DL- alpha Tocopheryl Acetate equivalent to Tocopherol (vitamin E) 50 mg/mL and Sodium selenite 1.5 mg/mL intramuscularly. Treated groups received the drug twice in 7 days interval 30 to 40 days prior to calving in the amount of 5 mL and 10 mL in group I and II respectively. The study showed that administration of vitamin E and selenium during late gestation can significantly (P<0.05) improve fertility in group II animals..Jakovi su glavni izvor za preživljavanje stanovništva u brdovitim područjima koja su karakterizirana različitim agro-klimatskim uvjetima i slabom poljoprivrednom aktivnošću. U prirodnim uvjetima jakovi se razmnožavaju sezonski, što je više posljedica pomanjkanja hrane i djelovanja stresa nego nasljednih obilježja. Uvažavajući navedeno, ovo istraživanje je imalo za cilj utvrditi može li jednokratna intramuskularna injekcija antioksidanata (vitamin E i selen) u kasnom prepartalnom razdoblju imati učinke na reprodukcijske pokazatelje jakova. Životinjama je primijenjen komercijalni preparat koji je sadržavao 50 mg/mL DL-alfa tokoferil acetata, ekvivalentan tokoferolu (vitaminu E), i 1,5 mg/mL natrijeva selenita. Pripravak je bio primijenjen intramuskularno, dvokratno u dozi od 5 mL i 10 mL, u razmacima od tjedan dana. Prva aplikacija uslijedila je između 30 i 40 dana prije teljenja. Životinje koje su primile 10 mL pripravka pokazale su statistički značajno (P<0,05) poboljšanje reprodukcijskih pokazatelja. Na osnovi istraživanja može se zaključiti da primjena antioksidanata neposredno prije teljenja može pridonijeti unaprjeđenju reprodukcijskih funkcija u indijskih jakova

Performance and parasitological parameters of steers sequentially grazed with lambs

In the majority of mixed or sequential gazing studies with sheep, cattle performance remained unaffected. However, the treatment regime of the sheep in these studies was often intense and this may have limited cross-transmission of nematodes from sheep to cattle. We conducted a sequential grazing trial with cattle and sheep with moderate anthelmintic intervention. Twenty first season grazing steers were stratified to 10 couples according to their origin, egg excretion per gram faeces (EPG), metabolic weight and previous weight gain record. Thirty naturally infected ewe lambs were stratified to 5 groups according to metabolic live weight and EPG. Five pairs of the steers were sequentially grazed with the 5 groups of lambs whereas another five pairs of steers served as control. Grazing duration was 70 days with a subsequent indoor period of additional 35 days for the steers. Weight and EPG was recorded 3 days before and 27, 49, 70 and 105 days after trial start. The recorded live-weight of the sequentially grazed steers was 182 ± 14, 191 ± 11, 205 ± 15, 219 ± 15 and 236 ± 18 and the live-weight of the control steers was 180 ± 18, 193 ± 19, 203 ± 21, 217 ± 24 and 234 ± 24 kg respectively. The EPG of the sequentially grazed steers 3 days before grazing start and at day 27, 49, 70 and 105 was 94 ± 100, 95 ± 48, 49 ± 42, 58 ± 41 and 140 ± 73 EPG respectively. The EPG of the control steers at the same dates was 96 ± 82, 98 ± 24, 104 ± 77, 98 ± 71 and 270 ± 287 EPG respectively. The sequentially grazed steer groups did not differ from the control groups with regard to EPG, live weight and daily weight gain. However, the sequentially grazed steers showed elevated pepsinogen levels compared to the control steers (e.g. 3.34 ± 1.05 units tyrosine and 1.29 ± 0.50 units tyrosine after 70 days of grazing, respectively). Larval samples from individual steer coprocultures of both groups were tested PCR-positive for Cooperia oncophora, Ostertagia ostertagi and Haemonchus contortus. We conclude that short term sequential grazing of first season grazing steers with lambs excreting mainly eggs of Haemonchus spp. did not adversely affect steer performance despite increased pepsinogen values. However, hot and dry conditions may have had a suppressive effect on larval development, migration and finally uptake by the steers

Traditional milk, meat processing and preservation techniques of the Yak Pastoralists of Arunachal Pradesh

216-221Yak milk products like butter (Mar) and wet cheese (Churpy) form an inseparable part of the ethnic food of Monpa tribe in Arunachal Pradesh. Dried yak meat (Sah Sangbu) is also highly relished by them. These products are exclusively prepared by the Brokpa community, yak pastoralists belonging to the Monpa tribe. They have traditional ways of processing and preserving yak milk and meat. The brokpa economy mostly rotates through trading of Yak products. This paper is an attempt to document the traditional ways of processing and preserving yak milk and meat in the Brokpa community. </span

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Not AvailableThe reports comprises details of all activities undertaken including research, administration, finance and technical aspects during April to December'2019Not Availabl

Handicraft skills of Yak Pastoralists in Arunachal Pradesh

718-724The Yak Pastoralists, known as the Brokpas, of Arunachal Pradesh are expert craftsmen making all the items of their daily utility for processing and storing yak products by themselves. The wood and bamboo processing techniques, adopted by them are a complex set of processes embodying Traditional Indigenous Technological Knowledge. This Paper is an initiative to understand and document these handicraft skills of the Brokpa community. The crafting patterns of bamboo milk churner, storing boxes, baskets, etc. adopted by them has become an art form passed on from one generation to another and the Brokpas are the preserver of this rich culturally important craftsmanship. The workmanship of these artisans is of very high order and indicative of their rich cultural heritage. Crafting in their community, exclusively done by the male folk, has immense potential for being developed in commercial lines for obtaining economic returns

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Annual Report of ICAR-NRC on Yak, Dirang, English VersionNot AvailableNot Availabl

Indigenous curative and prophylactic traditional practices used against haematophagous leeches in Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim

493-497Leeches are a nuisance to the livestock and human living in the hills of North Eastern parts of India. The people living in this region have learnt to control and manage leeches through various indigenous methods acquired through generations of practice. The present study is an attempt to document the indigenous traditional practices of used by Galo and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Monpa tribes of Arunachal Pradesh and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Lepcha, Bhutia and Nepalis of Sikkim against blood feeding leeches. The data were collected through an open ended interview schedule to five key informants of each study area. The study has identified a variety of herbal and non-herbal based methods used to control, prevent and kill leeches

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Not AvailableFoot-and-mouth disease virus infection-specific nonstructural protein antibodies deteted in populations of mithun (Bos frontalis), yak (Bos grunniens) and their hybrids maintained in farms and villages of Arunachal Pradesh, India.Not Availabl

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The article Received 11 August 2016 Revised 11 September 2016 Accepted 16 September 2016 PublishYak is an iconic symbol of Tibet and high altitudes of Northeast India. It is highly cherished for milk, meat, and skin. However, yaks suffer drastic change in milk production, weight loss, etc, when infested by parasites. Among them, infestation by leeches is a serious problem in the Himalayan belt of Northeast India. The parasite feeds on blood externally or from body orifices, like nasopharynx, oral, rectum, etc. But there has been limited data about the leech species infesting the yak in that region because of the difficulties in morphological identification due to plasticity of the body, changes in shape, and surface structure and thus, warrants for the molecular characterization of leech. In anticipation, this study would be influential in proper identification of leech species infesting yak track and also helpful in inventorying of leech species in Northeast India. Here, we investigated, through combined approach of molecular markers and morphological parameters for the identification of leech species infesting yak. The DNA sequences of COI barcode fragment, 18S and 28S rDNA, were analyzed for species identification. The generated sequences were subjected to similarity match in global database and analyzed further through Neighbour-Joining, K2P distance based as well as ML approach. Among the three markers, only COI was successful in delineating species whereas the 18S and 28S failed to delineate the species. Our study confirmed the presence of the species from genus Hirudinaria, Haemadipsa, Whitmania, and one species Myxobdella annandalae, which has not been previously reported from this region.Department of Biotechnology, Government of Indi