4 research outputs found
Fiscal capacity of the city: the assessment of the influence on the sustainability of urban environment and the quality of living (the case of Β«secondΒ» cities of the Russian Federation)
The modern financial situation demonstrates tough asymmetry in financial development between the territorial units, which are the capital cities, and the Β«secondΒ» cities of constituent units of the Russian Federation. This is based upon chronic deficit of inner financial sources for covering the budget expenditure items of the latter ones. The instruments of municipal unitsβ fiscal capacity level equalization, which are being implemented by the national government, lead to adverse effects. These effects of national fiscal practice include the resource dependence on the upper level and lack of interest of the Β«vice-capitalsβΒ» local authorities to broaden the inner income base, disbalance between economic, social, natural-resource components of urban environmentβs sustainable development and the fall of the residentsβ quality of living. In this connection, the effectiveness research of the current managerial mechanism of fiscal capacity of the Β«secondΒ» cities of constituent units of the Russian Federation in the context of the sustainable development concept is extremely important. The results of the survey on the packaged approach to economical and statistical assessment of the fiscal capacity level as a defining factor of sustainable development of the urban environment and the residentsβ quality of living in Β«vice-capitalsΒ» of constituent units of the Russian Federation (the case of Magnitogorsk and Nizhniy Tagil) are presented in this article. Having used the packaged approach, the authors have brought to light the interconnection between the level of the Β«secondΒ» citiesβ fiscal capacity and indicator values of ecological and socio-economic well-being of the analysed area. Additionally, they have revealed the character and direction of this connection as well as assessed the competence of management of the financial opportunities generation and usage by means of determining the indicator values of the areasβ fiscal capacity as of the current date and comparing them with optimum values
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π΅
Received December 7, 2019; accepted March 05, 2020.ΠΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 7 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2019 Π³.; Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ 5 ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° 2020 Π³.The relevance of this study stems from the fact that it analyzes the current situation on the mortgage market in Russia: the influence of macro-economic factors causes a fall in collateral value, dramatic increase in mortgage default and poor performance of the Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending (AHML). The study is aimed at investigating the current state of residential mortgage lending on the regional level in Russia by focusing on the case of the Ural Federal District. The study considers the interests of all the participants of this market: individual borrowers, state authorities, financial and credit institutions engaged in mortgage lending. The study analyzes statistical data on the primary residential mortgage market in the Ural Federal District provided by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, Federal State Statistics Service and the AHML. Modern approaches to mortgage system evaluation are compared in order to identify and systematize the key criteria and statistical indicators characterizing the current state of this form of lending relationships. The analysis also brings to light the negative trends in mortgage lending in the Ural Federal District. As a part of our further research, we are going to develop a procedure for evaluating the performance of a mortgage system.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ β ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°, ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π°, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²: Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π΅. ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π±Π°Π·Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ; Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π°. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π‘ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²
Received June 24, 2021; accepted August 27, 2021.ΠΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 24 ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ 2021 Π³.; Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ 27 Π°Π²Π³ΡΡΡΠ° 2021 Π³.Relevance. The spread of the coronavirus infection and the ensuing economic restrictions significantly influenced the main parameters of the socio-economic development of Russia and its territories, affecting the growth rate, production structure, territorial differentiation and competitiveness of Russian regions. Purpose of the study. The key goal of the study was to identify the socio-economic changes in the development of the country and its regions during the pandemic. Data and Methods. The analysis relies on open data on the socio-economic development of Russian regions for 2019β2021 (monthly, quarterly and annual periods), posted on the official website of Rosstat. Methodologically, the study is based on the comparative analysis of the data for the federal districts and their regions. Results. The study describes the main trends in the development of industry, trade, paid services, and investment potential and in the dynamics of unemployment and income in federal districts and regions. The first wave hit Russian regions the hardest due to the rigorous restrictions. Although no sharp recession was detected during the second wave, the stagnation in the key sectors persisted. The third wave is expected to have the same impact as the second. Conclusions. After the second wave subsided, there was a revival of economic activity in the spring of 2021. However, this has not turned into a steady trend yet. The coronavirus pandemic affected the competitiveness of regions. The importance of certain factors (including those related to resource potential) decreased during the pandemic, while the role of the competitive position of regions in the distribution of federal budget transfers increased.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ, Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°, ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° 2019β2021 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ (ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ), ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π°ΠΌ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³, ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Π°, Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°, Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΡΠ°Π³Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 2021 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΡΠ»Π° Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ) Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ°