Surveillance of compliance with tobacco regulations in Örebro County, Sweden: a mixed methods study after the ban of test purchases

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tobacco has long been known to be one of the most common reasons for sickness and premature deaths in the world. An important aspect of tobacco use is the youth's access to tobacco, and surveillance visits are one way to make sure how retailers are complying with age limit in the tobacco law. In Örebro County, Sweden, a project to reinforce the tobacco legislation was carried out in 2009-2010. One part of the project was surveillance visits that were done according to three different themes, called thematic surveillance.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study is an evaluation of the results from thematic surveillance and has a mixed methods approach. The quantitative analyses concerns protocols from 217 surveillance visits, where questions were asked about three themes (self-monitoring programs; marketing; labeling of products and pricing). In addition, questionnaires filled out by six tobacco administrators who worked within the project were analyzed qualitatively by content analysis in order to study their perceptions and opinions of the project.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This study shows that half of the visited retailers had self-monitoring programs. Lack of self-monitoring programs was significantly more common in smaller stores/kiosks and at restaurants. Further, the tobacco administrators who worked within the project perceived thematic surveillance as a good method for accomplishing better structure in surveillance work, but not as effective as purchase attempts (mystery shopping).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Thematic surveillance was perceived as positive and the method was also regarded to be a good way to work with surveillance. However, the method could be developed further for optimal use and better effect at the retailers. It is clear that people who work with tobacco prevention at the local level in Örebro County want to use purchase attempts as a surveillance method, and that they believe that purchase attempts is the best way to make sure if store comply with the tobacco law.</p

Inspired or foolhardy: sensemaking, confidence and entrepreneurs' decision-making.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of confidence in how both new and experienced entrepreneurs interpret and make sense of their business environment to inform decision-making. We illustrate our conceptual arguments with descriptive results from a large-scale (n = 6289) survey on entrepreneurs' perception of business performance and their decisions taken at a time of uncertainty in an economic downturn. Quantitative findings are stratified along experiential lines to explore heterogeneity in entrepreneurial decision-making and directly inform our conceptual arguments, while qualitative data from open questions are used to explain the role of confidence. Newer entrepreneurs are found to be more optimistic in the face of environmental risk, which impacts on their decision-making and innovative capabilities. However, the more experienced entrepreneurs warily maintain margin and restructure to adapt to environmental changes. Instead of looking directly at the confidence of individuals, we show how confidence impacts sensemaking, and ultimately, decision-making. These insights inform research on the behaviour of novice and experienced entrepreneurs in relation to innovative business activities. Specifically, blanket assumptions on the role of confidence may be misplaced as its impact changes with experience to alter how entrepreneurs make sense of their environment

Unintended pregnancy prevention and care education: Are we adequately preparing entry-to-practice nursing and midwifery students?

Mainey, LJ ORCiD: 0000-0003-1438-8061Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) demands an optimised workforce where nurses and midwives are able to provide the best quality care in accordance with their full scope of practice (World Health Organization 2020; Bender et al. 2016). However, political, legi slat ive , and educational barriers prevent nurses and m id wiv es from working to their full scope in the area of unintended pregnancy prevention and care (UPPC) ( Mainey et al. 2020). One important contributing factor is the inadequate coverage of the subject in nursing and midwifery curricula (Mainey et al. 2020). With un i ntend ed pregnancy and abortion affecting one-quarter of Australian wom en (Taft et al. 2018; Sch ei! et al. 2017), nursing and midwifery educators must seriously consider matching the scope of practice of graduating students to health needs of this population

Unintended pregnancy prevention and care education: Are we adequately preparing entry-to-practice nursing and midwifery students?

Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) demands an optimised workforce where nurses and midwives are able to provide the best quality care in accordance with their full scope of practice (World Health Organization 2020; Bender et al. 2016). However, political, legi slat ive , and educational barriers prevent nurses and m id wiv es from working to their full scope in the area of unintended pregnancy prevention and care (UPPC) ( Mainey et al. 2020). One important contributing factor is the inadequate coverage of the subject in nursing and midwifery curricula (Mainey et al. 2020). With un i ntend ed pregnancy and abortion affecting one-quarter of Australian wom en (Taft et al. 2018; Sch ei! et al. 2017), nursing and midwifery educators must seriously consider matching the scope of practice of graduating students to health needs of this population