The complementary role of imaging and tumor biomarkers in gynecological cancers: an update of the literature

Gynecological tumors, including endometrial, cervical and ovarian cancer, have increased in incidence over time. The widespread introduction of screening programs and advances in diagnostic imaging methods has lead to a progressive increase in gynecological cancer detection. Accurate diagnosis and proper monitoring of disease remain the primary target for a successful treatment. In the last years, knowledge about cancer biomarkers has considerably increased providing great opportunities for improving cancer detection and treatment. In addition, in the last few years there has been an important development of imaging techniques. Nowadays, a multimodal approach including the evaluation of serum tumor biomarkers combined with imaging techniques, seems to be the best strategy for assessing tumor presence, spread, recurrence, and/or the response to treatment in female cancer patients In this review we provide an overview of the application of biomarkers combined with novel imaging methods and highlight their roles in female cancer diagnosis and follow-up

Evaluation of potential miRNA sponge effects of SARS genomes in human

: To date the coronavirus family is composed of seven different viruses which were commonly known as cold viruses until the appearance of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002, the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS) in 2012 and the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which caused the COVID-19 global pandemic in 2019. Using bioinformatic approaches we tested the potential interactions of human miRNAs, expressed in pulmonary epithelial cells, with the available coronavirus genomes. Putative miRNA binding sites were then compared between pathogenic and non pathogenic virus groups. The pathogenic group shares 6 miRNA binding sites that can be potentially involved in the sequestration of miRNAs already known to be associated with deep vein thrombosis. We then analysed ∼100k SARS-CoV-2 variant genomes for their potential interaction with human miRNAs and this study highlighted a group of 97 miRNA binding sites which is present in all the analysed genomes. Among these, we identified 6 miRNA binding sites specific for SARS-CoV-2 and the other two pathogenic viruses whose down-regulation has been seen associated with deep vein thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, one of these miRNAs, namely miR-20a-5p, whose expression decreases with advancing age, is involved in cytokine signaling, cell differentiation and/or proliferation. We hypothesize that depletion of poorly expressed miRNA could be related with disease severity

Durability of adhesion between an adhesive and post-space dentin: Push-out evaluation at one and six months.

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate, by means of the push-out test, the bond of Prime & Bond NT at various post-space dentin locations and the influence of time of water storage on bond strength values. Methods 30 single-rooted teeth were used for the bond strength measurement. In each tooth fiber posts were cemented with the commercial bonding system “Prime & Bond NT” in combination with the resin-based filling material “Opticore Cure Core Composite”. After 24 h (group A: 10 roots), 1 month (group B: 10 roots), and 6 months (group C: 10 roots) of water storage, the specimens were sectioned in 1 mm-thick slices for the push-out test. The data were divided into three regions (coronal/middle/apical) and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney U Test (p<0.05). Results The bond strength values registered did not show statistically significant differences within group A and C; within group B statistically significant differences were found between the coronal and the middle thirds and between the coronal and the apical third. The apical bond strength values did not show any statistically significant difference among the three groups (Kruskal-Wallis test); in the middle thirds a statistically significant difference was found at 6 months when compared with the 24 h and 1-month samples. In the coronal thirds was found a statistically significant difference between 1 month and 6 months. Analysis of the specimens under optical microscope revealed a prevalence of adhesive failures between fiber post and root dentin. Conclusions Bond strength values are lower at the apical third. Over time the adhesion of the fiberpost/luting cement/post-space dentin does not remain stable

Sex-disaggregated data confirm serum ferritin as an independent predictor of disease severity both in male and female COVID-19 patients

Sex-disaggregated data confirm serum ferritin as an independent predictor of disease severity both in male and female COVID-19 patients

Serum ferritin is an independent risk factor for acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19

Increased ferritin levels could be indicative of a strong inflammatory reaction in COVID-19 and recent studies suggest that increased levels of circulating ferritin levels play a critical role by contributing to the development of a cytokine storm. In this regard, ferritin evaluation could be an early, available and easy to use screening tool to assess the disease severity at the first admission in the emergency department. This test might be of crucial importance for the timely identification of patients at higher risk of an adverse outcome

Organic Bioelectronics Development in Italy: A Review

In recent years, studies concerning Organic Bioelectronics have had a constant growth due to the interest in disciplines such as medicine, biology and food safety in connecting the digital world with the biological one. Specific interests can be found in organic neuromorphic devices and organic transistor sensors, which are rapidly growing due to their low cost, high sensitivity and biocompatibility. This trend is evident in the literature produced in Italy, which is full of breakthrough papers concerning organic transistors-based sensors and organic neuromorphic devices. Therefore, this review focuses on analyzing the Italian production in this field, its trend and possible future evolutions

Can New Ultrasound Imaging Techniques Improve Breast Lesion Characterization? Prospective Comparison between Ultrasound BI-RADS and Semi-Automatic Software “SmartBreast”, Strain Elastography, and Shear Wave Elastography

Background: Ultrasound plays a crucial role in early diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of this research is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of BI-RADS classification in comparison with new semi-automatic software Resona R9, Mindray, “SmartBreast” and strain elastography (SE), point shear wave (pSWE), and 2D shear wave (2D SWE) Elastography for breast lesion differentiation. Methods: Ninety-two breast nodules classified according to BI-RADS lexicon by an expert radiologist were evaluated by a second investigator with B-mode ultrasound, color Doppler, “SmartBreast”, and elastography. Histopathology was considered the gold standard. Results: The agreement between software and investigator was excellent in the identification of the posterior features of breast masses (Cohen’s k = 0.94), good for shape and vascular signal (Cohen’s k, respectively, of 0.6 and 0.65), poor for orientation, margins, and echo pattern (Cohen’s k, respectively, of 0.28, 0.33 and 0.48), moderate for dimensions (Lin’s correlation coefficient of 0.90, p = 0.07). SE showed a greater area under curve (AUC) than pSWE and 2D SWE (0.84, 0.64, and 0.61, respectively), with a greater specificity and a comparable sensitivity to pSWE (respectively, of 0.86 and 0.55, 0.81 and 0.84). Conclusions: SE improved the diagnostic performance of BI-RADS classification more than pSWE and 2D SWE; “SmartBreast” showed good agreement only for shape and vascularization but not for the other ultrasound features of breast lesions

Clinical approach for the classification of congenital uterine malformations

A more objective, accurate and non-invasive estimation of uterine morphology is nowadays feasible based on the use of modern imaging techniques. The validity of the current classification systems in effective categorization of the female genital malformations has been already challenged. A new clinical approach for the classification of uterine anomalies is proposed. Deviation from normal uterine anatomy is the basic characteristic used in analogy to the American Fertility Society classification. The embryological origin of the anomalies is used as a secondary parameter. Uterine anomalies are classified into the following classes: 0, normal uterus; I, dysmorphic uterus; II, septate uterus (absorption defect); III, dysfused uterus (fusion defect); IV, unilateral formed uterus (formation defect); V, aplastic or dysplastic uterus (formation defect); VI, for still unclassified cases. A subdivision of these main classes to further anatomical varieties with clinical significance is also presented. The new proposal has been designed taking into account the experience gained from the use of the currently available classification systems and intending to be as simple as possible, clear enough and accurate as well as open for further development. This proposal could be used as a starting point for a working group of experts in the field

Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age.

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset - with data collected between 2020 and 2022 - to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age

Abstract The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset – with data collected between 2020 and 2022 – to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research