Trading of Innovations to Combat Globalization

The twin phenomena of globalization and global-warming have put human-innovation at the forefront for member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Our research effort lays the foundation for monetizing creativity by listing the necessary concepts and methods for trading innovations. It has attempted to identify the uncertainties (risk levels) associated with innovations and their impact on trading. Six different designs have been enumerated for trading innovations with commensurate yields. The schemes outlined in this work for trading innovations, along with existing ones for emissions control, could form a formidable strategy to tackle the phenomenon of global-warming.

Automated Design Optimization of Synchronous Machines: Development and Application of a Generic Fitness Evaluation Framework

A rotating synchronous electric machine design can be described to its entirety by a combination of 17 to 24 discrete and continuous parameters pertaining the geometry, material selection, and electrical loading. Determining the performance attributes of a design often involves numerical solutions to thermal and magnetic equations. Stochastic optimization methods have proven effective for solving specific design problems in literature. A major challenge to design automation, however, is whether the design tool is versatile enough to solve design problems with different types of objectives and requirements. This work proposes a black-box approach in an attempt to encompass a wide variety of synchronous machine design problems. This approach attempts to enlist all possible attributes of interest (AoIs) to the end-user so that the design optimization problem can be framed by combination of such attributes only. The number of ways the end-user can input requirements is now defined and limited. Design problems are classified based on which of the AoI’s are constraints, objectives or design parameters. It is observed that regardless of the optimization problem definition, the evaluation of any design is based on a common set of physical and analytical models and empirical data. Problem definitions are derived based on black-box approach and efficient fitness evaluation algorithms are tailored to meet requirements of each problem definition. The proposed framework is implemented in Matlab/C++ environment encompassing different aspects of motor design. The framework is employed for designing synchronous machines for three applications where designs based on conventional motor construction did not meet all design requirements. The first design problem is to develop a novel bar-conductor tooth-wound stator technology for 1.2 kW in-wheel direct drive motor for an electric/hybrid-electric two wheeler (including practical implementation). The second design problem deals with a novel outer-rotor buried ferrite magnet geometry for a 1.2 kW in-wheel geared motor drive used in an electric/hybrid-electric two wheeler (including practical implementation). The third application involves design of an ultra-cost-effective and ultra-light-weight 1 kW aluminum conductor motor. Thus, the efficacy of automated design is demonstrated by harnessing the framework and algorithms for exploring new technologies applicable for three distinct design problems originated from practical applications

Generating Data Flow Programs From Nonprocedural Specifications

Data flow is a mode of parallel computation in which parallelism in a program can be exploited at the fine grained as well as macro level. A data flow computer executes a data dependency graph rather than the program counter controlled sequence of instructions executed by conventional machines. Nonprocedural languages appear to be especially appropriate high level languages for data flow computers. Nonprocedural languages have only two statement forms: data description and assertion. The assertions enumerate the relationships among the data. A data dependency graph is also a suitable representation for a nonprocedural language program (or specification). This research is concerned with translating the dependency graph form of a specification to a program graph for a data flow machine. Specifications in the MODEL language are translated into an intermediate form, the data flow template. The template is a language-independent representation of the specification. The template is then translated into a data flow language (Manchester Dataflow) for the Manchester University machine. The translation consists of creating an array graph to represent the specification; generating the data flow program template from the array graph; and translating the template into MaD

Nipah Virus (NiV) Infection: Is Nepal Prepared for the Possible Outbreak?

 After 20 years of the first Nipah Virus (NiV) outbreak in the world, it re-emerged as the outbreak in India. WHO has recognized NiV as a potent epidemic threat to human health. Both animal-to-human and human-to-human transmission of zoonotic NiV has been documented. Fruit bat of Pteropodidae family is the natural reservoir of the virus. Thus, the territorial habitat of these bats is the high risk zone of NiV outbreak. The symptoms are very nonspecific and the pathogenicity of NiV is yet to be fully understood. Diagnosis of NiV infection still relies on molecular techniques. Till date, no drugs or vaccines against NiV has been approved. Some research have presented arrays of the possible treatment and prevention option, but without sure shot implications. So, appropriate precautions are the only currently available prevention option. Nepal is yet to experience a NiV outbreak but that does not undermine the risk posed to the general population. High risk countries including Nepal should be well prepared to tackle the possible outbreak in future

Cutaneous Immunology: Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Skin Disorders

When it comes to comprehending and treating different skin conditions with focused therapeutic approaches, cutaneous immunology plays a crucial role. The complex immunological processes causing vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and bullous pemphigoid are examined in this study. Immunotherapy has completely changed the paradigms of dermatological treatment, including targeted biologics, small compounds, and customised methods. Targeted immunotherapies are important because of the immunological foundation of many illnesses, which are characterised by dysregulated immune responses and cytokine-mediated pathways. In psoriasis, biologics that target TNF-?, IL-17, and IL-23 are very effective in reducing inflammation and stopping the disease's development. In a similar vein, medications such as dupilumab regulate allergic reactions and show promise in treating atopic dermatitis. New treatments that target immune regulation and tolerance induction have promise for treating bullous pemphigoid and vitiligo. However, issues with patient selection, immunological diversity, accessibility, and long-term safety continue to exist. Innovative drug delivery methods, combination therapy, precision medicine, and enhanced target identification are the main focuses of future developments. The incorporation of cutaneous immunology into clinical practice is a revolutionary strategy that prioritises the needs of the patient, improves therapy effectiveness, and transforms patient care. The clinical implications, difficulties, and prospects for using cutaneous immunology's promise for the efficient treatment of skin conditions are explained in this study

Higgs Mass and Noncommutative Geometry

We show that the description of the electroweak interactions based on noncommutative geometry of a continuous and a discrete space gives no special relations between the Higgs mass and other parameters of the model. We prove that there exists a gauge invariant term, linear in the curvature, which is trivial in the standard differential geometry but nontrivial in the case of the discrete geometry. The relations could appear only if one neglects this term, otherwise one gets the Lagrangian of the Standard model with the exact number of free parameters.Comment: 23 pages LaTeX, TPJU 4/93, (minor text misprints corrected

Lipid peroxide, glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzyme (GST) in mixed zooplankton from the North- West Coast of India: Implication for the use of environmental monitoring

This work deals with an experiment on mixed zooplanktonic organisms collected from the shore water of Diu coast. The study analyzed and measured lipid peroxidation (LPX), as a marker of oxidative stress and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity, as a marker of organic pollution. Both LPX and GST activities were highest at the stations close to the shore and marginally decreased along with transect. The reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were highly variable. The results were discussed in relation to the biomarker application of mixed zooplankton, lipid peroxidation (LPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH). The results indicated that, the three potential markers (LPX, GST and GSH), could be used as a measure for bio-monitoring the costal ecosystem using mixed zooplankton as suitable organisms.Key words: Zooplankton, lipid peroxidation, glutathione-S-transferase, reduced glutathione

Factors influencing decisions on delay claims in construction contracts for Indian scenario

  Construction industry in India is second largest next to agriculture. In current era of infrastructure development construction projects occupy a key position. In any construction project contract time and cost overrun is a common feature, which gives rise to claims leading to disputes. These disputes if not handled properly tend to consume time and money of all parties to the contract. To resolve the dispute in optimum time, it is essential to understand the root cause of disputes as early as possible. Hence there is a need of analyzing the disputes scientifically.  The present study reveals from the study of arbitration awards that the causes for delay claims can be grouped in domains and the probable decisions to the disputes can be traced through the probing questions considered by decision makers. This paper attempts to identify questions related to disputes for Indian scenario through literature, arbitration awards, court cases and discussions with professionals

Mapping and analysis of the disaster risk of water supply schemes by using mobile application

After the earthquake of Nepal in 2015, a study was conducted the risk mapping and carried out analysis of the selected water supply scheme (WSS) at all links in the water supply chain from source to consumers and also determined the functionality status of WSS in the post-earth quake scenario by developing a standardized user guidebook and methodologies. A mobile based tool KOBO was used to collect the data and information and findings were linked with Google Earth. The assessment was conducted in 1504 WSS in 7 severely earth quake affected districts. Different 16 risks were identified and the assessment was conducted by developing the score in different 5 parameters. The overall risk has been classified in to three categories. It was found that 21.4% of the total schemes have high risk, 21.7% of the schemes have medium risk and 56.9% of the schemes have low risk

Agenesis of right lobe of liver; a rare anomaly: a case report

Agenesis of right lobe of liver is a rare finding and was defined as the absence of liver tissue on the right side with preservation of the middle hepatic vein without previous disease or surgery. Congenital agenesis of right hepatic lobe is a rare anomaly which is found incidentally in radiologic examination. Here we present a case of 22 year old female who came with abdominal distension suspecting liver cirrhosis she was investigated and on imaging studies incidentally it was revealed that there is absence of right lobe of liver