A constrained cosmological model in f(R,Lm)f(R,L_m) gravity

In this article, we study the expanding nature of universe in the contest of $f(R,L_m)$ gravity theory, here $R$ represents the Ricci scalar and $L_m$ is the matter Lagrangian density. With a specific form of $f(R,L_m)$, we obtain the field equations for flat FLRW metric. We parametrize the deceleration parameter in terms of the Hubble parameter and from here we find four free parameters, which are constraints and estimated by using $H(z)$, $Pantheon$, and their joint data sets. Further, we investigate the evolution of the deceleration parameter which depicts a transition from the deceleration to acceleration phases of the universe. The evolution behaviour of energy density, pressure, and EoS parameters shows that the present model is an accelerated quintessence dark energy model. To compare our model with the $\Lambda$CDM model we use some of the diagnostic techniques. Thus, we find that our model in $f(R,L_m)$ gravity supports the recent standard observational studies and delineates the late-time cosmic acceleration.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure

Curvature dominance DE-model in f(R)f(R)-gravity

We have probed a cosmological model in $f(R)$-gravity, which is a cubic equation in scalar curvature $R$. The terms arise due to nonlinear $f(R)$ function are treated as energy due to curvature inspired geometry. As a result, we find accelerating expansion in the universe, which creates an anti-gravitating negative pressure in it. Some of the physical parameters are solved using numerical methods. The evolution of the model are examined by the latest observational Hubble data (46-data points) and Pantheon data (the latest compilation of SNIa with 40 binned in the redshift range $0.014 \leqslant z \leqslant1.62$). Some important features of the model have been discussed by analyzing the plots of various dynamical parameters. The plots of deceleration parameter $q$ and the Hubble parameter $H$ describe the accelerating expansion in the evolution of the Universe at the present epoch. The transition from deceleration to acceleration for our model is obtained at redshift $z_{tr} \simeq 0.694069$, which is in good agreement with $\Lambda$CDM. We have also carried out state finder analysis for our model. The analysis of specific features of the model confirms that our model is consistent with $\Lambda$CDM in late times.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure

Bouncing cosmology in modified gravity with higher-order curvature terms

A bouncing scenario of a flat homogeneous and isotropic universe is explored by using the reconstruction technique for the power-law parametrization of the Hubble parameter in a modified gravity theory with higher-order curvature and trace of the energy-momentum tensor terms. It is demonstrated that bouncing criteria are satisfied so that the cosmological initial singularity can be avoided. In addition, it is shown that the equation of state parameter crosses the line of the phantom divide. In the present scenario, the universe is filled with perfect fluid around the bouncing point, in which the universe becomes highly unstable and a big bounce can be realized. Furthermore, it is found that extremal acceleration occurs at the bouncing point.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figure

In-situ surface porosity prediction in DED (directed energy deposition) printed SS316L parts using multimodal sensor fusion

This study aims to relate the time-frequency patterns of acoustic emission (AE) and other multi-modal sensor data collected in a hybrid directed energy deposition (DED) process to the pore formations at high spatial (0.5 mm) and time (< 1ms) resolutions. Adapting an explainable AI method in LIME (Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations), certain high-frequency waveform signatures of AE are to be attributed to two major pathways for pore formation in a DED process, namely, spatter events and insufficient fusion between adjacent printing tracks from low heat input. This approach opens an exciting possibility to predict, in real-time, the presence of a pore in every voxel (0.5 mm in size) as they are printed, a major leap forward compared to prior efforts. Synchronized multimodal sensor data including force, AE, vibration and temperature were gathered while an SS316L material sample was printed and subsequently machined. A deep convolution neural network classifier was used to identify the presence of pores on a voxel surface based on time-frequency patterns (spectrograms) of the sensor data collected during the process chain. The results suggest signals collected during DED were more sensitive compared to those from machining for detecting porosity in voxels (classification test accuracy of 87%). The underlying explanations drawn from LIME analysis suggests that energy captured in high frequency AE waveforms are 33% lower for porous voxels indicating a relatively lower laser-material interaction in the melt pool, and hence insufficient fusion and poor overlap between adjacent printing tracks. The porous voxels for which spatter events were prevalent during printing had about 27% higher energy contents in the high frequency AE band compared to other porous voxels. These signatures from AE signal can further the understanding of pore formation from spatter and insufficient fusion

Učinak faktora rasta i antioksidanta na in vitro dozrijevanje i diobu oocita in vitro proizvedenih embrija indijskog bivola (Bubalus bubalis).

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of growth factor in combination with antioxidant on the in vitro maturation (IVM) rate of oocytes and cleavage rates of in vitro fertilized (IVF) Indian Bubalus bubalis embryos. The cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries by aspirating follicles, and kept in maturation media (MM) for 24 h. The MM consisted of Group-1 (Control MM) - TCM 199 + 10% FBS + PMSG (20 IU/mL) + hCG (10 IU/mL) + Sodium pyruvate (0.80 mM) + L-glutamine (2 mM) + Gentamicin (50 μg/mL), Group-2 - Control MM + Epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/mL) + β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) (25 μM), Group -3 - Control MM + EGF (20 ng/mL) + β-ME (100 μM), Group-4 - Control MM + EGF (100 ng/mL) + β-ME (500 μM). After maturation in diverse maturation media, the media used for IVF and the subsequent development of embryos was the same in all groups. The present results revealed that 20 ng/mL EGF + 100 μM β-ME concentrations were optimum and showed a significant effect on oocyte maturation and further development. Also high concentrations of EGF + β-ME (100 ng/mL + 500 μM), showed a decrease in the cumulus expansion rate, polar body formation rate and cleavage rates. A significant improvement in cleavage rate was observed when oocytes were matured in maturation medium with 20 ng/mL EGF + 100 μM β-ME and capacitation and fertilization was carried out in BO medium compared with TALP medium (64.8 ± 3.8 vs 44.1 ± 2.9). No significant difference in cleavage rate was observed for oocytes matured in the control group, control group + 10 ng/mL EGF + 25 μM β-ME and control group + 100 ng/mL EGF + 500 μM β-ME, between BO and TALP medium, indicating the beneficial effect of the addition of 20 ng/mL EGF + 100 μM β-ME to the maturation media for improved Bubalus bubalis embryo production under in vitro culture.Istraživanje je poduzeto s ciljem da se procijeni učinak kombinacije čimbenika rasta i antioksidanta na in vitro dozrijevanje oocita i diobu in vitro proizvedenih zametaka indijskog bivola (Bubalus bubalis). Kompleksi kumulus oocita bili su prikupljeni s jajnika na klaonici aspiracijom folikula i držani u mediju za dozrijevanje tijekom 24 sata. Medij za dozrijevanje 1. skupine (kontrolne) sadržavao je TCM 199, 10% FBS, PMSG (20 IJ/mL), hCG (10 IJ/mL), natrijev piruvat (0,80 mM), L-glutamin (2 mM) i gentamicin (50 μg/mL). Mediji za dozrijevanje pokusnih skupina bili su sljedećeg sastava: 2. skupina, isto kao kontrolna uz dodatak epidermalnog faktora rasta EGF (10 ng/mL) i β-merkaptoetanola (β-ME) (25 μM); 3. skupina, kao i medij u kontrolnoj skupini s dodatkom EGF (20 ng/mL) i β-ME (100 μM) i 4. skupina, kao i kontrolna uz dodatak EGF (100 ng/mL) i β-ME (500 μM). Nakon dozrijevanja u različitim medijima, za in vitro oplodnju i razvoj embrija u svim skupinama korišten je isti medij. Rezultati pokazuju da su koncntracije od 20 ng/mL EGF i 100 μM β-ME bile optimalne i pokazivale značajan učinak na dozrijevanje oocita i budući razvoj. Također, visoke koncentracije EGF i β-ME (100 ng/mL + 500 μM) pokazale su smanjenje stupnja ekspanzije kumulusa, stupnja formiranja polarnog tijela i stupnja diobe. Signifikantno poboljšanje stupnja diobe opaženo je kod dozrijevanja oocita u mediju kojem je dodano 20 ng/mL EGF i 100 μM β-ME, a kapacitacija i oplodnja provedena je u BO mediju u usporedbi s TALP medijem (64,8 ± 3,8 prema 44,1 ± 2,9). Signifikantna razlika nije utvrđena za stupanj diobe kod oocita koje su dozrijevale u kontrolnoj skupini, u skupini s dodatkom 10 ng/mL EGF i 25 μM β-ME, skupini s dodatkom 100 ng/mL EGF i 500 μM β-ME, kao i između BO and TALP medija. Navedeno ukazuje na povoljan učinak dodavanja 20 ng/mL EGF i 100 μM β-ME u medij za dozrijevanje embrija indijskog bivola (Bubalus bubalis) koji su proizvedeni uz pomoć in vitro kulture

Changes in circulating microRNA levels can be identified as early as day 8 of pregnancy in cattle

<div><p>Poor reproductive performance remains a major issue in the dairy industry, with low conception rates having a significant impact on milk production through extended calving intervals. A major limiting factor is the lack of reliable methods for early pregnancy diagnosis. Identification of animals within a herd that fail to conceive within 3 weeks after insemination would allow early re-insemination and shorten calving intervals. In a previous study, we found an increase in plasma miR-26a levels in Day 16-pregnant relative to non-pregnant heifers, however changes in miRNA levels that early during pregnancy were very small which likely prevented the identification of robust biomarkers. In this study, we extended our analyses to a wider interval during pregnancy (Days 8 to 60, n = 11 heifers) with the rationale that this may facilitate the identification of additional early pregnancy miRNA biomarkers. Using small RNA sequencing we identified a total of 77 miRNAs that were differentially expressed on Day 60 relative to Day 0 of pregnancy. We selected 14 miRNAs for validation by RT-qPCR and confirmed significant differences in the expression of let-7f, let-7c, miR-30c, miR-101, miR-26a, miR-205 and miR-143 between Days 0 and 60. RT-qPCR profiling throughout Days 0, 8, 16 and 60 of pregnancy showed a distinct increase in circulating levels of miR-26a (3.1-fold, P = 0.046) as early as Day 8 of pregnancy. In summary, in contrast to earlier stages of pregnancy (≤ Day 24), marked differences in the levels of multiple miRNAs can be detected in circulation by Day 60 in cattle. Retrospective analyses showed miR-26a levels to be increased in circulation as early as Day 8, sooner than previously reported in any species, suggesting a biological role for this miRNA in the very early events of pregnancy.</p></div

Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes in the Mexican Population

Depression and anxiety are common in diabetic patients; however, in recent years the frequency of these symptoms has markedly increased worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the frequency and factors associated with depression and anxiety, since they can be responsible for premature morbidity, mortality, risk of developing comorbidities, complications, suffering of patients, as well as escalation of costs. We studied the frequency of depression and anxiety in Mexican outpatients with type 2 diabetes and identified the risk factors for depression and anxiety.We performed a study in 820 patients with type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of depression and anxiety was estimated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, respectively. We calculated the proportions for depression and anxiety and, after adjusting for confounding variables, we performed multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regressions to evaluate the combined effect of the various factors associated with anxiety and depression among persons with type 2 diabetes. The rates for depression and anxiety were 48.27% (95% CI: 44.48–52.06) and 55.10% (95% CI: 51.44–58.93), respectively. Occupation and complications in diabetes were the factors associated with anxiety, whereas glucose level and complications in diabetes were associated with depression. Complications in diabetes was a factor common to depression and anxiety (p<0.0001; OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.29–2.4).Our findings demonstrate that a large proportion of diabetic patients present depression and/or anxiety. We also identified a significant association between complications in diabetes with depression and anxiety. Interventions are necessary to hinder the appearance of complications in diabetes and in consequence prevent depression and anxiety