Religious landscapes, places of meaning: the religious topography of Arcadia from the end of the bronze age to the early Imperial period

The thesis examines the religious topography of Arcadia through two particular aspects: the built and the natural landscape, and how each relates to human communities, their places of living, and their understanding of the world around. It relies on the assumption commonly made in the field that, since ritual practice was of prevalent importance for the Greeks, cult sites are the most important places for the communities, and therefore they can tell us a lot about the people who built, visited and looked after them. The first part rests on the acknowledgement that sanctuaries are places of interaction for a certain community of cult (which can but need not overlap with a given polis) and explores how they can be indicators of social change, defined here as responses to changes with large impact on the human milieu. These changes and their response articulated in sacred space are identified in four chapters. The first sets the stage and surveys the known sacred sites of Arcadia at the end of the Bronze Age and during the Early Iron Age. The second looks at how the building of temples after the eighth century indicates a significant change in the way communities were structured in Arcadia. The third looks at how Arcadian sanctuaries responded to the increased religious mobility of the Classical and Hellenistic period. Finally, chapter four evaluates the impact of the Roman conquest on Arcadian religious sites. The second part explores how myths and rationalising discourses allowed the Greeks to make sense of the salient characteristics and numen of their surrounding natural landscape. Each of the three chapters departs from a situation observed in Arcadia by ancient sources and examines the responses articulated to explain it. Among the variety of topics to pursue, three have been selected because they exemplify a typical characteristic of Arcadia: its wetness. They also allow spatial areas that were less prominent in part one to be explored. The first chapter investigates the attribution of Mycenaean waterworks in Arcadia to Herakles in myth. The second chapter examines the connection made in ancient sources between Poseidonâs lordship over the Peloponnese, earthquakes, floods and cults of Poseidon Hippios in Arcadia. Finally, the last chapter explores the apparent contradiction of having infernal rivers observable in the world of the living, such as the Styx flowing in the Aroania Mountains.</p

Religious landscapes, places of meaning: the religious topography of Arcadia from the end of the bronze age to the early Imperial period

The thesis examines the religious topography of Arcadia through two particular aspects: the built and the natural landscape, and how each relates to human communities, their places of living, and their understanding of the world around. It relies on the assumption commonly made in the field that, since ritual practice was of prevalent importance for the Greeks, cult sites are the most important places for the communities, and therefore they can tell us a lot about the people who built, visited and looked after them. The first part rests on the acknowledgement that sanctuaries are places of interaction for a certain community of cult (which can but need not overlap with a given polis) and explores how they can be indicators of social change, defined here as responses to changes with large impact on the human milieu. These changes and their response articulated in sacred space are identified in four chapters. The first sets the stage and surveys the known sacred sites of Arcadia at the end of the Bronze Age and during the Early Iron Age. The second looks at how the building of temples after the eighth century indicates a significant change in the way communities were structured in Arcadia. The third looks at how Arcadian sanctuaries responded to the increased religious mobility of the Classical and Hellenistic period. Finally, chapter four evaluates the impact of the Roman conquest on Arcadian religious sites. The second part explores how myths and rationalising discourses allowed the Greeks to make sense of the salient characteristics and numen of their surrounding natural landscape. Each of the three chapters departs from a situation observed in Arcadia by ancient sources and examines the responses articulated to explain it. Among the variety of topics to pursue, three have been selected because they exemplify a typical characteristic of Arcadia: its wetness. They also allow spatial areas that were less prominent in part one to be explored. The first chapter investigates the attribution of Mycenaean waterworks in Arcadia to Herakles in myth. The second chapter examines the connection made in ancient sources between Poseidon’s lordship over the Peloponnese, earthquakes, floods and cults of Poseidon Hippios in Arcadia. Finally, the last chapter explores the apparent contradiction of having infernal rivers observable in the world of the living, such as the Styx flowing in the Aroania Mountains.</p

Etude Irm Des Sequelles Lesionnelles Post - Traumatisme Cranien

Introduction Dans les pays industrialisés les déficiences cérébrales sont souvent dues aux séquelles des traumatismes crâniens. L\'IRM est une technique d\'imagerie cérébrale pouvant préciser les types de lésions à long terme. Matériel et Méthode Dans une étude rétrospective, en 2003 et 2004, nous avons analysé 75 dossiers d\'expertise post - traumatique à l\'Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB). Les séquelles cérébrales ont été explorées à l\'IRM . Ont été exclus les patients qui ont subi une intervention chirurgicale cérébrale. Résultats 75 cas de traumatisés cérébraux ont été répertoriés ; 64,4% sont de sexe masculin, l\'âge moyen était de 35 ans (7 à 80 ans) ; 40 cas avait une lésion séquellaire cérébrale. Les lésions axonales diffuses ont été retrouvées dans 11 cas dont 5 cas en région péricalleuse, 2 cas avaient une atteinte des pédoncules cérébelleux. La plupart de ces lésions étaient situées dans l\'interface substance blanche/substance grise. Des lésions focales de la base du cerveau étaient observées dans 10 cas. Les séquelles cortico-sous corticales étaient les plus fréquentes, 26 cas . L\'hémosidérine est un indicateur à long terme de l\'atteinte cérébrale. Conclusion Nous concluons que l\'IRM est une excellente technique pour étudier les séquelles cérébrales traumatiques et permet d\'établir leur pronostic. Background Disabilities are frequent in western countries and may be due to cerebral traumatic sequella. MRI with high resolution is an excellent technique to visualise cerebral sequella. Materials and Method In a retrospective study, we reviewed 75 cases of traumatic sequella at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), in 2003 and 2004 explorated with MRI. We excluded patients who underwent cerebral surgery. Results Focal sequellea cortical and cortico-sub cortical are most frequent, 26 patients. Hemosiderin and encephalomalacia atrophy are common signs. Diffuse Axonal Injury were found in 11 cases, focal sequella of brain sterm in 10 cases. Conclusion We concluded that RMI is an excellent technic of imaging cerebral sequella. Keywords: Brain trauma, Head injuries, Head trauma, Cerebral sequella, MRI.African Journal of Neurological Sciences Vol. 25 (1) 2006: pp. 12-2