To neglect or to consider? Opportunity cost consideration during product sampling can accelerate satiation

Sampling provides limited experience with an offering to promote its purchase, either now or later. Sampling involves an ongoing choice about whether to buy the sampled option. We propose that ongoing choice feels more like a choice when people consider opportunity costs. Consequently, we predict that opportunity cost consideration will accentuate the impact of ongoing choosing on enjoyment over time of the sampled option (i.e., a slope effect). It follows that when ongoing decision evolves toward not choosing the sampled option today, its negative impact on enjoyment should become more pronounced when people consider their opportunity costs, decreasing overall enjoyment. Studies 1, 2, and 3 provided support for this key prediction. Studies 4 and 5 showed that when the best alternative use of a resource people considered was more attractive, they experienced accelerated satiation from an unchosen sampled option. While previous research showed that opportunity cost consideration accentuated the impact of one‐time choice on evaluation (i.e., intercept effect), we showed that it accentuated the impact of ongoing choice on enjoyment over time (i.e., slope effect). We also contribute to the understanding of the factors that increase overall enjoyment of a sampling experience, which should influence future purchase likelihood

Training for research in community mental health

Training institutions need to do a more adequate job in socializing students early and continuously for the role of community mental health researcher. While psychology is singled out to illustrate this thesis, all the disciplines that make up the community mental health team could profitably be examined from this standpoint. The university climate in which psychologists are reared is examined and nuclear shortcomings in respect to basic trust, feelings of competence, and sense of identity are dramatized.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44306/1/10597_2005_Article_BF01434879.pd

Sequence conservation and combinatorial complexity of Drosophila neural precursor cell enhancers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The presence of highly conserved sequences within <it>cis</it>-regulatory regions can serve as a valuable starting point for elucidating the basis of enhancer function. This study focuses on regulation of gene expression during the early events of <it>Drosophila </it>neural development. We describe the use of <it>EvoPrinter </it>and <it>cis</it>-Decoder, a suite of interrelated phylogenetic footprinting and alignment programs, to characterize highly conserved sequences that are shared among co-regulating enhancers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Analysis of <it>in vivo </it>characterized enhancers that drive neural precursor gene expression has revealed that they contain clusters of highly conserved sequence blocks (CSBs) made up of shorter shared sequence elements which are present in different combinations and orientations within the different co-regulating enhancers; these elements contain either known consensus transcription factor binding sites or consist of novel sequences that have not been functionally characterized. The CSBs of co-regulated enhancers share a large number of sequence elements, suggesting that a diverse repertoire of transcription factors may interact in a highly combinatorial fashion to coordinately regulate gene expression. We have used information gained from our comparative analysis to discover an enhancer that directs expression of the <it>nervy </it>gene in neural precursor cells of the CNS and PNS.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The combined use <it>EvoPrinter </it>and <it>cis</it>-Decoder has yielded important insights into the combinatorial appearance of fundamental sequence elements required for neural enhancer function. Each of the 30 enhancers examined conformed to a pattern of highly conserved blocks of sequences containing shared constituent elements. These data establish a basis for further analysis and understanding of neural enhancer function.</p

Book reviews

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44309/1/10597_2006_Article_BF02349243.pd

Effects of Cannabis Use on Human Behavior, Including Cognition, Motivation, and Psychosis: A Review

With a political debate about the potential risks and benefits of cannabis use as a backdrop, the wave of legalization and liberalization initiatives continues to spread. Four states (Colorado, Washington, Oregon, and Alaska) and the District of Columbia have passed laws that legalized cannabis for recreational use by adults, and 23 others plus the District of Columbia now regulate cannabis use for medical purposes. These policy changes could trigger a broad range of unintended consequences, with profound and lasting implications for the health and social systems in our country. Cannabis use is emerging as one among many interacting factors that can affect brain development and mental function. To inform the political discourse with scientific evidence, the literature was reviewed to identify what is known and not known about the effects of cannabis use on human behavior, including cognition, motivation, and psychosis

Vaping industry-funded academic scholarships

While the benefits versus the risks of increased e-cigarette use among adults remains unsettled, the fact that 21% of high school students in 2018 have used e-cigarettes in the last month is concerning to almost all policymakers and clinicians. A recent e-cigarette marketing technique involves the promotion of scholarships for students. Given the novelty of these promotions, we undertook an analysis to understand how widespread this practice is in the USA, along with characteristics of such scholarships

De cómo las nuevas agendas socio-ambientales estan permeando los modelos de planificación y gestión urbano ambiental en la ciudad de Buenos Aires

Una de las cuestiones esenciales en la formulación de los instrumentos urbanísticos del siglo XXI es contemplar a la variable ambiental como concepto integrador. Sumando a este aspecto característico la articulación de diversos instrumentos desde las etapas de formulación hasta las de aplicación en los procesos de transformación urbana. Es así como la vinculación multi-actoral y multiescalar comienza a darse en la medida en que la coordinación instrumental se lleva a cabo. Esta acción deriva en la actualidad en escenarios de gestión más complejos que responden de manera específica a cada contexto. La presente ponencia pretende indagar sobre el proceso de asociación de herramientas urbanísticas, detectando bajo el análisis de casos concretos el modo en que las agendas socio-ambientales desde principio de siglo han permeado en los procesos de planificación y gestión urbana.Eje 4: Construir las nuevas agendas socio-ambientales. Orientar y gestionar las transiciones y transformaciones urbanas.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

De cómo las nuevas agendas socio-ambientales estan permeando los modelos de planificación y gestión urbano ambiental en la ciudad de Buenos Aires

Una de las cuestiones esenciales en la formulación de los instrumentos urbanísticos del siglo XXI es contemplar a la variable ambiental como concepto integrador. Sumando a este aspecto característico la articulación de diversos instrumentos desde las etapas de formulación hasta las de aplicación en los procesos de transformación urbana. Es así como la vinculación multi-actoral y multiescalar comienza a darse en la medida en que la coordinación instrumental se lleva a cabo. Esta acción deriva en la actualidad en escenarios de gestión más complejos que responden de manera específica a cada contexto. La presente ponencia pretende indagar sobre el proceso de asociación de herramientas urbanísticas, detectando bajo el análisis de casos concretos el modo en que las agendas socio-ambientales desde principio de siglo han permeado en los procesos de planificación y gestión urbana.Eje 4: Construir las nuevas agendas socio-ambientales. Orientar y gestionar las transiciones y transformaciones urbanas.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

De cómo las nuevas agendas socio-ambientales estan permeando los modelos de planificación y gestión urbano ambiental en la ciudad de Buenos Aires

Una de las cuestiones esenciales en la formulación de los instrumentos urbanísticos del siglo XXI es contemplar a la variable ambiental como concepto integrador. Sumando a este aspecto característico la articulación de diversos instrumentos desde las etapas de formulación hasta las de aplicación en los procesos de transformación urbana. Es así como la vinculación multi-actoral y multiescalar comienza a darse en la medida en que la coordinación instrumental se lleva a cabo. Esta acción deriva en la actualidad en escenarios de gestión más complejos que responden de manera específica a cada contexto. La presente ponencia pretende indagar sobre el proceso de asociación de herramientas urbanísticas, detectando bajo el análisis de casos concretos el modo en que las agendas socio-ambientales desde principio de siglo han permeado en los procesos de planificación y gestión urbana.Eje 4: Construir las nuevas agendas socio-ambientales. Orientar y gestionar las transiciones y transformaciones urbanas.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Systematic Study on the Fluid Dynamical Behaviour of Streamwise and Laterally Inclined Jets in Crossflow

ABSTRACT The design of discrete film cooling holes for gas turbine airfoil applications is governed by a number of parameters influencing both their aerodynamic and thermal behaviour. This numerical and experimental study focuses on the marked differences between film cooling holes with combined streamwise and lateral inclination and film cooling holes with streamwise inclination only. The variation in the blowing angle was chosen on a newly dermed and physically motivated basis. High resolution low speed experiments on a large scale turbine airfoil gave insights particularly into the intensified mixing process with lateral ejection. The extensive computational study is performed with the aid of a 3D blockstructured Navier-Stokes solver incorporating a low-Reynolds-number k-e turbulence model. Special attention is paid to mesh generation as a precondition for accurate highresolution results. The downstream temperature fields of the jets show reduced spanwise variations with increasing lateral blowing angle; these variations are quantified for a comprehensive variety of configurations in terms of adiabatic film cooling effectiveness