Determination of the morphological pattern of pacu’s (Piaractus mesopotamicus) gills

To pathological assessments or recognition of changes in the morphology of these is necessary knowledge of a normal morphological pattern, being this then the goal of this study. Were collected 20 animals (Piaractus mesopotamicus), from cultivation environments the region of Grande Dourados, with total length of 35 cm and 750 g approximately. During data collection, the animals were anesthetized with benzocaine, euthanized and dissected for macroscopic evaluation of organs "in situ". After, collected the gills, fixed in Bouin solution and stained by the usual method Hematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue technique+ PAS. Macroscopically it was observed that these had brilliant crimson red coloration, located internally, protected by beeswax, with numerous traces spaced, filaments and secondary lamellae. Under light microscopy was possible to identify the branchial artery, cartilaginous structure, cells pillars, respiratory epithelium and mucous cells. We concluded that this species has a branchial structure very similar to that of other freshwater teleosteans, although more studies are necessary to compare this structure in all phases of his life and times of the year.In order to carry out pathological evaluations or recognition of changes in the morphology of pacu gills, it is necessary to know a regular morphological pattern, which is the purpose of this study. Twenty animals (Piaractus mesopotamicus) were collected from cultivated environments of the “Grande Dourados” region, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, with an average total length of 35 cm and 750 g. During collection, the animals were anesthetized with benzocaine, euthanized and dissected for macroscopic evaluation of the organs “in situ”. The gills were fixed in Bouin's solution and stained by the usual Hematoxylin/Eosin method and the alcian blue + PAS technique (Schiff periodic acid). Macroscopically it was observed that the gills were bright red, internally located, protected by the opercula, with numerous spaced traces, filaments and secondary lamellae. Under the light microscopy it was possible to identify the gill’s arteries, cartilaginous structure, pillar cells, respiratory epithelium and mucous cells. We conclude that this species has a gill structure very similar to that of other freshwater teleosts, but more studies are necessary to compare this structure in all phases of its life and different times of the year

Índice produtivo e qualidade de ovos de galinhas poedeiras submetidas a diferentes métodos de debicagem

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of beak trimming, by hot blade or infrared radiation, on the production indicators and egg quality of three laying hen strains in the first week of life, and whether a second beak trimming would be necessary in the tenth week. Birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with 2x3x2 factorial arrangement (first beak trimming by means of infrared radiation or hot blade x the strains Lohmann LSL, Hy‑line W‑36, and Lohmann Brown x with or without beak trimming at the tenth week of age), totaling twelve treatments with six replicates. Beak trimming by infrared radiation, in the first week of life, provides the same production results and egg quality as the conventional method by hot blade. There were no deaths from cannibalism for birds of the three strains that were not subjected to the second beak trimming; however, a decrease of 8% viability was observed in birds at the 63th week of age.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da debicagem, por meio de lâmina quente ou por radiação infravermelha, sobre os indicadores produtivos e de qualidade de ovos, em três linhagens de galinhas poedeiras na primeira semana de vida, e se uma segunda debicagem seria necessária na décima semana de idade. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x3x2 (primeira debicagem por meio de radiação infravermelha ou por lâmina quente x linhagens Lohmann LSL, Hy‑line W‑36 e Lohmann Brown x com ou sem debicagem à décima semana de idade), no total de doze tratamentos, com seis repetições. A debicagem por radiação infravermelha, na primeira semana de vida, proporciona os mesmos resultados produtivos e de qualidade dos ovos que o método convencional por lâmina quente. Não houve mortes por canibalismo em aves das três linhagens que não foram submetidas à segunda debicagem, mas se observou decréscimo de 8% da viabilidade, em aves à 63.ª semana de idade

<b>Productivity of japanese quails in relation to body weight at the end of the rearing phase

Two experiments were conducted at different times with the objective of investigating how the body weight of Japanese quails at the end of the rearing period may alter the performance during the laying phase. In both experiments, the birds were distributed in five treatments according to their body weights, which were obtained at 42 and 35 days of age for the first and second experiments respectively, and the following categories were considered for said experiments: very light, light, average, heavy and very heavy. For both experiments, the treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, at eight repetitions per treatment for the first one and six for the second one, both at 18 birds per repetition. During the first experiment, sexual maturity, laying percentage, marketable egg percentage, average egg weight and egg mass, in second experiment, feed consumption, final body weight, eggs per bird present, laying percentage, average egg weight, egg mass and alimentary conversion were evaluated. The results obtained show that Japanese quails whose body weight is lower than 140 grams at 42 days of age, or lower than 120 grams at 35 days of age show significantly worse productive results during the laying phase.

Morfometria intestinal de poedeiras suplementadas com própolis

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a inclusão de diferentes níveis de própolis na dieta e seu efeito na morfometria da mucosa intestinal de 120 poedeiras semipesadas com 55 semanas de idade, da linhagem Isa Brown®. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (0, 1, 2 e 3% de própolis in natura na dieta) e três repetições de 10 aves cada. Na ocasião foram avaliadas as medidas de peso do intestino, fígado, pâncreas, moela e proventrículo e estimadas as porcentagens de cada órgão em relação ao peso corporal das aves. Para a avaliação da morfometria da mucosa foram coletados segmentos de duodeno, jejuno e íleo, de oito aves por tratamento. Através da microscopia óptica foram mensuradas altura e largura das vilosidades, bem como a profundidade de cripta. Os dados foram avaliados por ANOVA e as médias comparadas por teste de Tukey (

Revisão: síndrome do osso negro em frangos de corte

Some factors involved in the incidence of black bone syndrome and its consequences on the quality and acceptability of meat from the thighs and drumsticks of broilers are described in this review. It is know that the conservation of thighs and drumsticks by freezing leads to the formation of ice crystals that disrupt the cells of the bone marrow, causing leakage of hemoglobin present in the same, when the bone is brittle or porous sharpens extravasation of blood the occurs primarily in the proximal tibia and the femur. The darkening caused in meat adjacent the bone is called of black bone syndrome and has implications in meat quality, mainly by changing the appearance of the same due to darkening caused. The darkening resulting from extravasated blood in the meat has implications for the quality in the same and can result in problems acceptance of meat from thigh and drumsticks. Thus, it becomes necessary to provision the long term, genetic screening focused on the bone structure and the short term with the addition of nutrients can improve bone quality.Alguns fatores envolvidos na incidência de síndrome do osso negro e suas consequências na qualidade e aceitação da carne de coxas e sobrecoxas de frangos de corte estão descritos nesta revisão. Sabe-se que a conservação de coxas e sobrecoxas pelo congelamento leva à formação de cristais de gelo que rompem as células da medula óssea, causando extravasamento da hemoglobina presente na mesma, quando o osso está frágil ou poroso acentua-se o extravasamento de sangue que ocorre principalmente pela região proximal na tíbia e no fêmur. O escurecimento causado na carne adjacente ao osso é chamado de síndrome do osso e tem implicações na qualidade da carne, alterando principalmente a aparência da mesma devido ao escurecimento causado. O escurecimento decorrente do sangue extravasado na carne tem implicações na qualidade da mesma e pode resultar em problemas na aceitação de carne de coxa e sobrecoxa. Assim, torna-se necessário providências a longo prazo, com seleção genética focada na estrutura óssea e a curto prazo, com adição de nutrientes que podem melhorar a qualidade óssea

Equilíbrio e problemas locomotores em frangos de corte

Poultry growth depends particularly of muscle development as well as their bone tissue. Nowadays in broilers, muscle growth is extremely raised while their skeletal support is still very immature, having as consequence the onset of locomotor disorders among others. With advances in poultry breeding, its found that gait and equilibrium condition were negatively impacted, causing mobility problems in these animals. The current review presents the main locomotor disorders that affect poultry and some of the factors that influence them, as well as the impact they cause in poultry production.O crescimento de uma ave depende particularmente do desenvolvimento muscular e do tecido ósseo. Atualmente em frangos de corte o crescimento muscular é extremamente elevado enquanto seu suporte esquelético ainda se encontra muito imaturo, tendo como consequências o aparecimento de afecções locomotoras entre outras. Com os avanços no melhoramento genético avícola, verifica-se que a forma de caminhar e a condição de equilíbrio foram influenciadas negativamente, causando dificuldades de locomoção nesses animais. A presente revisão apresenta as principais desordens locomotoras que acometem as aves de produção e alguns dos fatores que as influenciam, assim como o impacto que elas causam na avicultura de corte