Analysis of approaches for channel allocation in car-to-car communication

Abstract Car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure communication (C2X communication) has received considerable attention worldwide. The main goals of C2X communication are reduction of road accidents and fatalities and improvement of traffic efficiency. In Europe, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is currently leading the spectrum allocation dedicated to road safety. It is expected that 30 MHz spectrum in the range from 5.875 to 5.905 GHz will be allocated for critical road safety and traffic efficiency applications. This paper provides a detailed analysis of channel allocation for the 30-MHz spectrum dedicated to safety-related C2X communication. Our contributions are: (1) We provide a comprehensive overview of existing approaches on the usage of the 30-MHz frequency band dedicated for safety-related C2X communication. (2) We analyze advantages and disadvantages of these approaches based on an extensive set of evaluation criteria. (3) We provide a recommendation for the channel allocation of the 30-MHz frequency band dedicated for safetyrelated C2X communication in Europe

IPv6 address autoconfiguration in geonetworking-enabled VANETs: characterization and evaluation of the ETSI solution

In this article we make a thorough characterization and evaluation of the solution standardized by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute for IPv6 transmission of packets over geographical location aware vehicular networks. In particular, we focus on IPv6 address auto-configuration, one of the required pieces to enable Internet connectivity from vehicles. Communications in vehicular networks are strongly dependent on the availability of multi-hop connectivity to the fixed infrastructure, so also we analyze the probability of achieving this connectivity under different circumstances, and we use the results to identify interesting target scenarios for address auto-configuration mechanisms. Keeping those scenarios in mind, we perform a characterization and deep evaluation--analytically and by means of simulations--of the standardized IPv6 address au-toconfiguration solution; proposing some configuration guidelines and highlighting the scenarios where complementary enhancements might be needed.The authors would like to acknowledge the Spanish Directorate General of Traffic for kindly providing us with the empirical traces used in this work. The research of Marco Gramaglia and Carlos J. Bernardos leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-ICT-2009-5) under Grant agreement no. 258053 (MEDIEVAL project). The research of Marco Gramaglia, Carlos J. Bernardos and Maria Calderon has also received funding from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain, under the QUARTET Project (TIN2009-13992-C02-01)

Car-2-Car Communication Consortium - Manifesto

This document summarizes and describes the main building blocks of the Car2X Communication System as it is pursued by the Car2Car Communication Consortium (C2C-CC). “Car2X” means interactions among cars, between cars and infrastructures, and viceversa. It provides interested readers with an introduction to Car2X communications. It is intended to be a living document which will be complemented according to the progress of the work of the C2C-CC. One main objective of this document is to give insight into ongoing and upcoming activities, such as public funded projects which target to contribute to the C2C-CC specifications, an overview on ongoing work and results achieved so far. In addition, this document provides concepts and technologies that have been developed or identified by the C2C-CC and assessed as necessary building blocks to be proposed for a standard

Evaluation of adiponectin and visfatin levels in serum and exhaled breath condensate in SAS obese patients

Objectives: Obesity is associated with alterated adipocytokine concentrations, in paticular adiponectin and visfatin. Aim of our study was to determine serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) levels of adiponectin and visfatin in 13 SAS patients with severe obesity, without metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods: All patients were evaluated by physical examination, medical history, biochemical parameters, spirometric test, chest X-ray, Blood gas analysis, Epworth sleepiness scale, an in-house questionnaire for SAS risk and full polisomnography (Compumedic Sydney). All patients performed EBC, a non-invasive method to collect the exhaled air (reflecting lining fluid) through a frozen ecoscreen condensing chamber (R-Tube, Cosmed Italy). Adiponectin and visfatin levels were measured in plasma and EBC by ELISA kit (B-Bridge International. Inc. San Jos\ue8 USA). The sensitivity of the assay was 0.37 mcg/ml for adiponectin and 0.1 ng/ml for visfatin; interassays CV range: 5\u20137%. Ten healthy, non-smoker, non-obese, non-snoring, non-SAS subjects formed the control group. Results: Gender Age (year old) BMI (kg/m2) AHI (events/h) SAS Nine males 53.17 \ub1 13.38 36.64 \ub1 11.95 52.32 \ub1 27.99 Normal Five males 32.57 \ub1 5.32 19.84 \ub1 2.13 <5 Serum adiponectin* Serum visfatin+ EBC adiponectin* EBC visfatin+ SAS 6.51 \ub1 5.15 10.98 \ub1 2.90 Non-detectable 2.33 \ub1 0.76 Normal 13.20 \ub1 2.67 7.53 \ub1 1.89 Non-detectable 1.955 \ub1 1.44 * = mcg/ml; + = ng/ml. Serum adiponectin p = 0.001. Serum visfatin p = 0.01. EBC visfatin p = 0.61 (detectable in 50% of subjects). Conclusions: Serum adiponectin levels are significantly lower in SAS patients than in normal, and non-detectable in EBC samples. On the other hand, visfatin concentration is significantly higher in serum of SAS subjects, but not in EBC (when detectable). This is probably due to different tissue distribution of these substances. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether SAS is an independent factor regarding alterated production of these adipocytokines

Forced Expression of MyoD Creates a Muscle-Specific Test System for Exogenous Genes

A new approach free of time-consuming cloning procedures is described using MRF4 regulatory sequences acting as a physiological and muscular-specific promoter on human tissues; this method is useful for testing the expression of exogenous genes in cultured myoblasts and myotubes. pMRF4Z is a plasmid containing the regulatory sequences of Herculin (or MRF4, or MyF6), a gene of the MyoD family, driving the expression of a reporter gene (E.Coli (3-galactosidase or &quot;lacZ&quot;). The DNAs were introduced into the cultured cells by the biolistic gun: mouse embryo-derived cells and human fibroblasts were bombarded with high velocity micro projectiles each carrying at the same time two different plasmids. The pair of plasmids were a MyoD construct together with pMRF4Z or pCMVlacZ, in the latter plasmid a viral promoter drives the expression of a reporter gene. The forced expression of MyoD family genes induced myogenesis and several days after the bombardment polynucleated myotubes were positive for lacZ activity

Pembrolizumab in Vaginal Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Vaginal cancer is a rare gynecologic malignancy. While in a localized disease, concurrent chemoradiation grants local control and better overall survival, in a metastatic setting, the management options are very limited. Furthermore, recurrent cervical, vulvar, and vaginal carcinomas notoriously develop resistance to treatment, and consequently, their prognosis is still poor. Case Presentation: We herein present the case of a woman with a nodal relapse of vaginal carcinoma, effectively treated with third-line immunotherapy. We will also provide a review of the literature on the new therapeutic strategies for advanced vaginal carcinoma, with a focus on pembrolizumab immunotherapy. Conclusion: Pembrolizumab might represent a promising option for the management of vaginal and vulvar cancer, but data to support its use in this setting are still lacking. This case highlights the need for further investigation and trial designs for this rare disease

Preclinical safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and biodistribution studies with Ad35K++ protein: a novel rituximab cotherapeutic

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