2008 Trademark Decisions of the Federal Circuit A Review of Recent Decisions of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit: Area Summaries

In 2008, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit issued eight trademark decisions and designated one of those eight decisions as precedential. These numbers are significantly lower than in recent years. The cases consist of appeals from the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (“TTAB”), the United States Court of International Trade, and the United States Court of Federal Claims. Of the eight trademark decisions, four focused on substantive issues and four primarily involved procedural issues. The Federal Circuit generally adopted the findings of the lower tribunals, affirming all but one of the eight decisions on appeal. The majority of the decisions were resolved based on longstanding precedent. A few of the cases, however, addressed issues of first impression for the court. In Nasalok Coating Corp. v. Nylok Corp., for example, the Federal Circuit held that a claim for cancellation of a trademark registration is not a compulsory counterclaim for a party defending an infringement action in federal court. Significantly, TTAB procedure provides that such a counterclaim is compulsory in TTAB proceedings under the same circumstances. Thus, whether a party has waived its right to challenge a trademark registration after failing to seek cancellation of that registration in a prior proceeding will turn on whether that proceeding was a federal court case or a proceeding before the TTAB. Also of note, in Sakar International, Inc. v. United States, the Federal Circuit reversed the Court of International Trade’s finding that it had jurisdiction to consider a party’s challenge to a fine issued by the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection for importing counterfeit products. The Federal Circuit found that the restrictions on importing counterfeit products did not rise to the level of an “embargo,” and thus the challenge to the fines was not within the limited jurisdiction of the Court of International Trade. Each of the Federal Circuit’s 2008 trademark decisions is discussed in detail in this area summary

Microsurgical Technique of Simultaneous Pancreas/Kidney Transplantation in the Rat: Clinical Experience and Review of the Literature

Background: For experimental basic research, standardized transplantation models reflecting technical and immunologic aspects are necessary. This article describes an experimental model of combined pancreas/kidney transplantation (PKTx) in detail. Materials and Methods: Donor rats underwent en bloc pancreatectomy and nephrectomy. Revascularization was performed using the aorta with the superior mesenteric artery and the inferior vena cava with the portal vein. Exocrine drainage of the pancreas took place over a segment of the duodenum which was transplanted side-to-side to the jejunum. The kidney vessels were transplanted end-to-side. The ureter was anastomosed by patch technique. Postoperatively, serum parameters were monitored daily. Biopsies for histopathology were taken on days 5, 8 and 12. Results: All 12 recipients survived the combined PKTx without serious surgical complications. One thrombosis of the portal vein led to organ failure. Blood glucose levels were normal by the 3rd postoperative day. The transplanted duodenal segment showed slight villous atrophy, and the kidneys were well perfused without vascular complications. The anastomosis between ureter and bladder was leakproof. Conclusions: Excellent graft function and survival rates can be achieved due to simplified operation technique and short operation time. It may thus have high clinical relevance to immunologic issues within the scope of basic research. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Base

Quality of life in a dynamic spatial model

We develop a dynamic spatial model in which heterogeneous workers are imperfectly mobile and forward-looking and yet all structural fundamentals can be inverted without assuming that the economy is in a stationary spatial equilibrium. Exploiting this novel feature of the model, we show that the canonical spatial equilibrium framework understates spatial quality of-life differentials, the urban quality-of-life premium and the value of local non-marketed goods. Unlike the canonical spatial equilibrium framework, the model quantitatively accounts for local welfare effects that motivate many place-based policies seeking to improve quality of life

Lockdown shows us it is not work that attracts us to big cities – but the social life

COVID’s effect on the social lives of city dwellers – being able to meet at the pub, restaurants or theatre – may be more relevant for the future of cities than its impact on work, write Gabriel Ahlfeldt, Fabian Bald, Duncan Roth, and Tobias Seidel

Avaliação de isolantes térmicos com potencial uso em aviários.

Projeto/Plano de Ação: 03.07.94.900-04

The sound of waves in the Mutriku wave energy plant

Peer Reviewe

On the Maximum Crossing Number

Research about crossings is typically about minimization. In this paper, we consider \emph{maximizing} the number of crossings over all possible ways to draw a given graph in the plane. Alpert et al. [Electron. J. Combin., 2009] conjectured that any graph has a \emph{convex} straight-line drawing, e.g., a drawing with vertices in convex position, that maximizes the number of edge crossings. We disprove this conjecture by constructing a planar graph on twelve vertices that allows a non-convex drawing with more crossings than any convex one. Bald et al. [Proc. COCOON, 2016] showed that it is NP-hard to compute the maximum number of crossings of a geometric graph and that the weighted geometric case is NP-hard to approximate. We strengthen these results by showing hardness of approximation even for the unweighted geometric case and prove that the unweighted topological case is NP-hard.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure

Avaliação do tempo de acionamento de aquecedor a diesel na temperatura e umidade do ar.

Projeto/Plano de Ação: 03.07.94.900-04