Effect of Irrigation Water Salinity on Some Soil Properties and Wheat Yield in Egypt

Wheat plant (Triticum aestivum, sakha-8) was grown in pot experiment to study the effect of salinity levels and salt composition of irrigation water with and without N fertilization on soil chemical properties and grain yield of wheat plant. Therefore surface soil samples of nonsaline silty clay loam soil was used. Tap water was salinized to be as natural irrigation water in the studied region using mixture of CaCl2, MgCl2 and NaCl at different ratios. Three salinity levels were prepared from different mixture to give nine type of irrigation water and tap water was used as control treatment. Soil salinity after plant harvesting increased with increasing water salinity up to 12.70 dS/m compared with it before planting (2.23 dS/m) or after harvesting using irrigation with good water (2-79dS/m).On the other side, soil reaction (pH) decreased from 8.17 to 7.65 with increasing water salinity. Values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) for soil solution also increased from 3.65 up to 11.24 and soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was correlated with soil SAR, where it increased from 4.24 to 11.91%. Soil content of available N and P almost decreased with increasing water salinity after plant harvesting. The results indicated that the grain yield was significantly decreased either with increasing salinity levels or Na concentration in irrigation water used. This effect was decreased with added-N, where grain yield was increased by about 2 to 3 fold compared with it without N fertilization under this conditions. Grain content of Na was increased to give less quality of grain yield. Plant uptake of Na decreased with increasing levels of added –N

Meine Musik auch für dich: Teilhabe im Musikbetrieb

Anhand eines konkreten Beispiels zeigt der Beitrag aus der Optik der Musikvermittlung auf, wie kulturelle Teilhabe in einem grösseren Klassikbetrieb umgesetzt werden kann. Die aus dem Beispiel abgeleiteten Maximen betreffen das Diversity-Prinzip, die künstlerische Präsenz im öffentlichen Raum, die Eruierung und Aufhebung struktureller Hindernisse, die Anpassung der Betriebskultur, die Mitbestimmung diverser Gesellschaftsgruppen, die Schaffung einer Feedbackkultur, die partizipative künstlerische Arbeit mit Amateurinnen und Amateuren sowie die Kooperation mit externen Organisationen. Um kulturelle Teilhabe in die Praxis umzusetzen, muss aber auch mit einem neuen Typus von Musi­kerin und Musiker zusammengearbeitet und im Bereich der Musikvermittlung hochqualifiziertes Personal als Changemaker eingestellt werden. Im Idealfall kann dadurch nicht nur der Horizont der Akteurinnen und Akteure und die Vielfalt der an klassischer Musik teilhabenden Gesellschaftsgruppen erweitert werden, sondern auch die klassische Musik selbst erhält eine erweiterte Bedeutung

Agronomic Performance of Madre De Agua (Trichantera Gigantean Nees) Under Upland Area in Abucay, Bataan

Madre de Agua (Trichantera gigantean Nees) is forage and considered a Multiple Purpose Tree Species used for ruminants and poultry animals with a good potential source of protein and contain good amino acid. Few studies were conducted in terms of the agronomic characteristics of the Madre de Agua prior to utilization as feeds and most studies conducted were mainly conducted to feed monogastric animals. The study intends to produce data for the agronomic characteristics of Madre de Agua as planted and produces a shaded portion of the upland area in BPSU Abucay Campus, Abucay, Bataan. The following parameters were gathered; Plant Height, Leaf to Stem Ratio, Herbage Yield, and Dry Matter Yield and Soil Analysis. Moreover, the following baseline data were used: the area with an elevation of 141.1 feet above sea level with an average rainfall of 296.45mm and temperature ranges from 26oC to 30oC during the duration of the study. Fertilizer requirements are based on the result of BSWM soil analysis (30g/tree ammonium phosphate, 169g/tree Urea, and 4kg/tree organic fertilizer) applied during and after transplanting with adequate irrigation.  The study was carried out using systematic random sampling for plants. The result of agronomic characteristics in upland conditions showed that the average plant height of Madre De Agua was 110.50 cm, Leaf to Stem Ratio was 65.82%/34.18% per plant, herbage yield was 556.50 grams per plant, dry matter yield (oven dry) was 87.57% per plant. The established area for the production of the Madre de Agua will be utilized to provide a continuous source of feed to small ruminants and other monogastric species for future research in animal production

Sexual Propagation of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Varieties in Bataan, Philippines is Affected by Different Combination of Growing Media

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different combinations of growing media on the different varieties of cashew grown in Bataan, Philippines. It aimed to evaluate the number of days to germination, percentage germination, seedling height, number of leaves, leaf area index, and diameter of the stem for the duration of sixty days. It is a two-factor experiment arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of three Bataan cashew varieties as the Factor A and five combinations of growing media as Factor B with three replications. The experimental treatments were as follow: Factor A (Varieties of Cashew): V1-Bataan Variety 1, V2-Bataan Variety 2, V3-Bataan Variety 3; and Factor B (Soil Media): SM1-1 part garden soil, 1 part compost, 1 part sand, SM2-1 part garden soil, 1 part compost, ½ part sand, ½ part carbonized rice hull, SM3-1 part garden soil, 1 part compost, ½ part sand, ½ part coco coir dust, SM4-1 part garden soil, 1 part compost, 1 part carbonized rice hull, and SM5-1 part garden soil, 1 part compost, 1 part coco coir dust. Results revealed that Bataan Variety 1 and Bataan Variety 3 were significantly the earliest to germinate while Bataan Variety 1 significantly had the highest success percentage of 92%, highest number of leaves produced (9.81), and the highest recorded leaf area (50.26 mm2). For growing media, 1 part garden soil, 1 part compost, 1 part coco coir dust significantly had the tallest plants (30.92 cm) and the most number of leaves. Furthermore, the interaction between varieties and growing media showed no significant difference in all parameters stated. These findings will be useful for the cashew growers, producers, nursery propagators in selecting the best growing media to enhanced their sexual propagation

Etravirine induced severe hypersensitivity reaction and fulminant hepatitis: A case report and review of the literature.

We report the first published case of etravirine induced hypersensitivity reaction leading to fulminant hepatic failure in a 49-year-old female patient with Human Immunodefi ciency Virus. She presented with a life threatening rash and end stage organ damage requiring intensive care unit supportive care. Liver biopsy supported the diagnosis of drug-induced hypersensitivity. The patient recovered after withdrawal of etravirine and the use of systemic corticosteroids. The authors describe etravirine drug hypersensitivity as a clinically important reaction and that early recognition can improve survival

Biodegradation Of Weathered Oil In Soils With A Long History Of TPH Contamination

Sites with a long history of exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons contain mainly long chain hydrocarbons or “weathered oil”. This is because petroleum is a complex mixture of many organic compounds and these compounds biodegrade at different rates. Under aerobic conditions the shorter hydrocarbon chains biodegrade first and the longer chains are more recalcitrant. Long chain hydrocarbons are less soluble in water and more like tar in consistency than the shorter chain hydrocarbons, so a major problem with the degradation of these compounds is that bacteria that break down hydrocarbons do not come into contact with them. These compounds are not bioavailable and therefore do not biodegrade. A petroleum refinery that has been active for many years has a large amount of weathered oil in the surrounding soil and groundwater. A treatability study was performed on samples from the Site to determine whether conditions could be manipulated to stimulate the biodegradation of the weathered oils. Several sets of microcosms containing soil and groundwater were set up. Along with nutrients and an oxygen source, a biodegradable surfactant was added to some of the sets in order to determine whether increasing the bioavailability of the hydrocarbons would enhance their degradation. After the microcosms were set up, there was an initial increase in hydrocarbons in the aqueous phase and a decrease in hydrocarbons in the soil phase in the microcosms that had received surfactant. This change was due to the surfactant solubilizing hydrocarbons out of the soil and into the water. As the experiment progressed however, a decline in hydrocarbon levels in both soil and groundwater was observed. It was determined that by manipulating the conditions and solubilizing the hydrocarbons, biodegradation of weathered oils could be stimulated. Hydrocarbons could be removed from soils that had contained these weathered oils for many years without any appreciable degradation

Self-Concept of College Students: Empirical Evidence from an Asian Setting

Individuals with high self-concept will likely have high life satisfaction, they easily get adjusted to life, and they communicate their feeling more appropriately. However, it was not certain whether self-concept would decline or improve as individuals age, or whether self-concept would vary between genders and ethnic groups. To prove, a study was carried out to compare the self-concept of college students in an Asian context. The inquiry utilized the cross-sectional design in finding out significant differences in the self-concept of participants in terms of age, gender, and ethnicity. A 22-item questionnaire was adapted and administered to 222 Bachelor of Public Administration and Bachelor of Science in Business Administration students from the satellite campus of Bukidnon State University in the Philippines. Initially, a sample was randomly drawn from the population. During the actual data collection, the researchers had difficulty getting the responses from the randomly selected individuals due to internet connection and it was done amidst a pandemic. Instead, it took all responses from those who were available, have access to the internet, and could accomplish the google forms. The data were analyzed using Mean, Standard Deviation, T-test for independent sample, ANOVA and Post Hoc test. The results revealed that college students at the locale have a high level of self-concept in self-fulfilment, emotional adjustment, and honesty. Yet, they only had a moderate level of self-concept in autonomy. Further, there were significant differences in college students’ autonomy and honesty in terms of age and gender. Furthermore, there were significant differences in their emotional adjustment and self-fulfilment as to their ethnicity. The results have implications for instruction, administration, guidance services, and future research

Phosphorus Loss into Ground Water in Paddy Soils as Influenced by Irrigation System and Rate of Added-P

A field experiment was carried out in delta Nile region of Egypt, to elucidate the impact of irrigation system and graded phosphorus fertilizer rates on P loss into ground water in paddy soils (heavy clay soil). Three irrigation system were used: submergence with continuous head of water (about 8 cm), irrigation with saturation percent and discontinous irrigation where soil was irrigated every 7 days. The rate of applied P were 45 and 90 Kg P2O5/acre as super phosphate. Values of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in ground water increased under saturation and discontinuous irrigation compared to it under submergence condition (e.g.,0.25,0.18 and 0.14 mg P/L, respectively) under 90 Kg P2O5 /ac. and after 15 days of added-P. Accumulation values of DRP in ground water after 105 days at 90 Kg P2O5 /ac. of added-P were 1.18,0.76 and 0.67 mg P/L under saturation, discontinuous and submergence irrigation methods, respectively. The rate of loss for DRP in ground water was the highest under saturation method at 90 Kg P2O5 /ac. ( 0.01 mg P/L/day). Results also showed that, accumulated total phosphorus (TP) at the end of ground water collection (105 days after transplanting) when 90 Kg P2O5 /ac. was added were 2.78,2.18 and 1.69 mg P/L under discontinuous, saturation and submergence irrigation system, respectively. Also, the rate of loss for TP was the highest under discontinuous irrigation condition (0.025 mg P/L). These results indicated that, increasing added phosphorus fertilizer let to increasing P loss into ground water by leaching through the soil profile.In addition, phosphorus loss into ground water was increased with decreasing added water for irrigation in paddy soils (increasing drought regime) and that was not expected