Processing of Spatio-Temporal Hybrid Search Algorithms in Heterogenous Environment Using Stochastic Annealing NN Search

In spatio-temporal database the mixed regions are present in a random manner. The existing work produces the result to create new research opportunities in the area of adaptive and hybrid SLS algorithms. This algorithm develops initialization algorithms which are used only for the homogenous environment. Most current approaches assume, as we have done here, only the homogenous mixtures. Approach: To overcome the above issue, we are going to implement a new technique termed Stochastic Annealing Nearest Neighbor Search using hybrid search algorithms (SANN- HA) for spatio-temporal heterogeneous environment to retrieve the best solution. It provides enhanced fits for definite run length distributions, and would be useful in other contexts as well. Results: Performance of Stochastic Annealing Nearest Neighbor Search using hybrid search algorithms is to discover different sub explanations using different mixture of algorithms in terms of run length distribution and average time for execution based on data objects. Conclusion: It considers the problem of retrieving the high quality solution from the heterogeneous environment. An analytical and empirical result shows the better result with the efficient hybrid search algorithms of our proposed SANN scheme

Species Discrimination, Population Structure and Linkage Disequilibrium in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus tereticornis Using SSR Markers

Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. tereticornis are closely related species commonly cultivated for pulp wood in many tropical countries including India. Understanding the genetic structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) existing in these species is essential for the improvement of industrially important traits. Our goal was to evaluate the use of simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci for species discrimination, population structure and LD analysis in these species. Investigations were carried out with the most common alleles in 93 accessions belonging to these two species using 62 SSR markers through cross amplification. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.44 to 0.93 and 0.36 to 0.93 in E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis respectively. A clear delineation between the two species was evident based on the analysis of population structure and species-specific alleles. Significant genotypic LD was found in E. camaldulensis, wherein out of 135 significant pairs, 17 pairs showed r2≥0.1. Similarly, in E. tereticornis, out of 136 significant pairs, 18 pairs showed r2≥0.1. The extent of LD decayed rapidly showing the significance of association analyses in eucalypts with higher resolution markers. The availability of whole genome sequence for E. grandis and the synteny and co-linearity in the genome of eucalypts, will allow genome-wide genotyping using microsatellites or single nucleotide polymorphims

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Not AvailableBased on the recent reports of widespread occurrence of maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) in many of the agriculturally important Poaceae crops in different countries, we suspected the possible occurrence of the virus in India. During 2020, we analyzed 10 maize samples showing mosaic like symptoms grown nearby sugarcane fields in Coimbatore and Namakkal districts of Tamil Nadu and 106 sugarcane samples from different varieties showing mosaic and yellow leaf symptoms for MaMYV infection. RT-PCR assay revealed that all the maize leaf samples and 14.15% (15/106) of the sugarcane leaf samples were found to be infected with MaYMV which was further confirmed by direct sequencing of the amplified products by Sanger method at both the ends. The pairwise multiple sequence alignment of all the 16 consensus sequences of this study from sugarcane and maize has clearly revealed the highest nucleotide similarities with 97.4 % to 100% among themselves as well as to other MaYMV sequences of maize from Africa (Tanzania, South Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan and Burkino Faso) and China and all the Saccharum isolates from China. The MaYMV isolate from Saccharum hybrid CP 81-1384 had shown the highest similarity of 100% with MaYMV of both the crops irrespective of the geographic regions whereas, Saccharum hybrid LG 08478 isolate had shown 96.5% to 97.8% identity only with other MaYMV isolates. In phylogenetic analysis, all the 45 isolates sequences (15 from sugarcane varieties and one from maize in this study and the remaining 29 retrieved from genbank source representatively taken from the reported countries) had clustered together in a single clade. However, host crop based sub clades were observed from different countries as most of the Zea mays MaYMV isolates sub clustered together irrespective of countries/ geographical regions and most of the MaYMV from sugarcane from this study as well as from China sub clustered separately. Our research findings clearly showed that presence of MaYMV in India in maize and sugarcane for the first time. Also, mixed infection of MaYMV with other sugarcane viruses predominantly infecting the crop was also recorded. Since mixed infection of different viruses in sugarcane such as SCMV, SCSMV and ScYLV are a common phenomenon and both ScYLV and MaYMV belonged to the genus Polerovirus, its mixed infection status and the kind of synergistic effect in symptom expression is to be studied further at large scale in futureNot Availabl

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Not AvailableMaize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) was first reported in the field grown maize crop showing mosaic and foliar yellowing symptoms in Yunnan provinces of China during the year, 2016. Since then its widespread occurrence has been reported in many countries of Africa, China and South America in maize crop and other related hosts, sugarcane, sorghum and Panicum sp. In India, prevalence of the virus in sugarcane was investigated during the year 2019-2020 by RT-PCR assays using the MaYMV specific primers designed from the consensus ORF 3 and ORF 4 regions. Our studies confirmed MaYMV infection in 14.15% of the sugarcane leaf samples in RT-PCR assays followed by sequencing. The pairwise multiple sequence alignment of all the 15 consensus sequences of this study from sugarcane had shown highest nucleotide similarities with 97.4 % to 100% among themselves as well as to other MaYMV sequences of maize from Africa and China and mainly, all the Saccharum isolates of China. In phylogenetic analysis also, all the isolate sequences from this study and others retrieved from genbank representing all the reported countries had clustered together in a single clade. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first and new report of MaYMV infecting sugarcane in India which necessitates more focused research on mixed infections of sugarcane viral diseases in perspectives of managementNot Availabl

Electromagnetic shielding tester for conductive textile materials

361-365Electromagnetic shielding tester has been modified to measure the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of conductive textile materials using the frequency range 500 MHz - 12 GHz. Various conductive copper filler fabrics have been produced and tested for their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness using both newly modified electromagnetic shielding tester and network analyzer tester (MIL-STD 285), and the values obtained by both the testers are compared and correlated. It is observed that the values measured by the newly modified electromagnetic tester show good EMSE than the network analyzer standard values in the high frequency range 8-12 GHz. The modified system can be used to measure the EMSE of conductive textile materials in the high frequency range 500MHz-12 GH