Traditional Village System – Case Study from the Krempna Commune (Poland)

The study was conducted within the actual area of Krempna commune in Jaslo county Podkarpackie voivodeship in Poland. Historical data and maps were analysed using the ArcGIS 10.3 program. The changes in the number of villages, householders and human population were presented. Religious composition for the year 1785 and ethnic composition for the year 1939 were evaluated. Only in the case of Ukrainian population, the Moran’s test has shown dispersed distribution (Index Moran’s for Ukrainians = −0.478664; Z = −1.684100; P = 0.092162). The total number of householders increased from 915 in the year 1785 to 1,409 householders in the year 1939 and decreased to 349 in the year 1965 and 333 in the year 2018. The traditional village system (TVS) of Krempna commune was depopulated after World War II. As a result, the agricultural abandonment and forest succession developed. Class area (CA) of settlements decreased from 1174.02 ha in the year 1939 to 248.13 ha in the year 1965 and 240.2 ha in the year 2018, and CA of forests increased from 7,268.20 ha in the year 1939 to 15,465.20 ha in the year 1965 and 15,841.3 ha in the year 2018. Villages that had begun the core of TVS together with tserkvas and chapels in the centre of village, roadside crosses and traditional private farms were lost. The scale and results of such changes are interesting for future research, mainly in terms of change in TVS infrastructure and culture

Simulation of Decline of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies L. Karst.) Forests in Gorgan Mountains (Ukrainian Carpathians): Case Study Using Forkome Model

The FORKOME model used in the article contains elements of forest and ecological approaches and was specially developed for the conditions of the Gorgans. The modeling was performed based on the single simulation results and statistically averaged forecast of 200 simulations (“Monte Carlo”) in order to show the tendency of changes and their correspondence with single simulations. The forecast of the forest dynamics was conducted at the 100th anniversary period with “control” and “warm-dry” scenarios. It has been revealed that the rapid decrease in biomass in the first decade was caused by Norway spruce decline. It was revealed that in the control scenario, the most active biomass growth during the 100th year forecast was shown by Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The fir reacted relatively sensitively to the warming and decrease in rainfall. The relationships between tree species and the influence of biomass of Norway spruce tree on the biomass of the whole forest tree stand were analyzed

Improvement of the Dynamic Quality of Cantilever Boring Bars for Fine Boring

The paper presents ways to reduce the vibrations of special cantilever boring bars mounted on spindle heads of finishing and boring machines. Special cantilever boring bars are designed for machining holes in non-standard conditions, for example, when boring deep holes with l/d>3 (l–hole length, d-hole diameter) or holes with a discontinuous surface. The results of the experiments and theoretical developments, as well as the schemes of the experimental stands, are presented. The investigated methods for reducing fluctuations are the following: the use of a dynamic damper with intermittent cutting elements; the suppression of the normal vibrations of the cutter to the workpiece surface due to the excitation of vibrations directed tangentially to the workpiece surface and not causing processing errors; increased damping in the cutting zone when changing the design of the boring bar. The tuning parameters of the dynamic damper, the logarithmic decrement of vibrations, as well as the conditions for effective damping of vibrations during the interaction of their two coupled forms are given. The results are shown in the tables and graphs

Integruotas požiūris į įmonių verslo efektyvumo vertinimą

In the enterprise management system, the assessment of business efficiency occupies a leading place, since the adoption of strategically significant management decisions depends on its results. Since business efficiency is a multidimensional phenomenon, its assessment involves the use of many indicators, which complicates management. The integrated approach, as a modern progressive methodological apparatus, allows systematize indicators into subindexes and to obtain a single integrated indicator of the enterprises’ business efficiency. That is why the purpose of the study is to introduce an integrated approach to the system of enterprises’ business efficiency assessment as an important methodological tool. For this purpose, such methods as normalization of analytical data, averages, correlation analysis, aggregation, coefficient analysis, graphical and tabular expression of analytical data were used. In the course of the research, 12 individual indicators were normalized, on the basis of which 3 subindexes of business efficiency of agricultural enterprises were calculated: by results of activities, by resource efficiency, and by the scale of production. The Agricultural Enterprises’ Business Efficiency Index was formed as the sum of the products of subindexes with weights calculated by the criterion of the density of the relationship between them. It is determined that the main factors influencing the efficiency of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine are sales of agricultural products, staff costs, and produced agricultural products (goods, services).Įmonės valdymo sistemoje verslo efektyvumo vertinimas užima pirmaujančią vietą, nes strategiškai reikšmingų valdymo sprendimų priėmimas priklauso nuo jo rezultatų. Kadangi verslo efektyvumas yra daugialypis reiškinys, jo vertinimas apima daugelio rodiklių naudojimą, o tai apsunkina valdymą. Integruotas požiūris, kaip modernus progresyvus metodinis aparatas, leidžia sisteminti rodiklius į subindeksus ir gauti vieną integruotą įmonių verslo efektyvumo rodiklį. Štai kodėl tyrimo tikslas yra įvesti integruotą požiūrį į įmonių verslo efektyvumo vertinimo sistemą kaip svarbią metodinę priemonę. Šiuo tikslu buvo naudojami tokie metodai kaip analitinių duomenų normalizavimas, vidurkiai, koreliacijos analizė, agregacija, koeficientų analizė, grafinė ir lentelinė analitinių duomenų išraiška. Tyrimo metu buvo normalizuota 12 atskirų rodiklių, kurių pagrindu buvo apskaičiuoti 3 žemės ūkio įmonių verslo efektyvumo subindeksai: pagal veiklos rezultatus, pagal išteklių efektyvumą ir pagal gamybos mastą. Žemės ūkio įmonių verslo efektyvumo indeksas buvo suformuotas kaip subindeksų su svoriais produktų suma, apskaičiuota pagal jų tarpusavio santykio tankio kriterijų. Nustatyta, kad pagrindiniai Ukrainos žemės ūkio įmonių efektyvumą įtakojantys veiksniai yra žemės ūkio produktų pardavimas, personalo išlaidos ir pagaminti žemės ūkio produktai (prekės, paslaugos)