CYTOTOXICITY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MONO-, DI- AND TRINUCLEAR RUTHENIUM(II) POLYPYRIDINE COMPLEXES

Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity, antibacterial and antifungal activity of the synthesized mono-, di- and trinuclear ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes.Methods: A series of synthesized ruthenium(II) complexes, R1, R2 and R3, are screened for in vitro antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cancer cell line using 96-well plate method. An assay of antimicrobial activity was performed by disc diffusion method. In addition an assay of an antifungal was performed by broth micro-dilution method.Results: The cytotoxicity of complexes revealed IC50 values of 14.52 (R3), 19.53 (R2) and 22.32 μM (R1) against HepG2 cell line in a dose dependent manner. All the complexes inhibited moderately the growth of Gram positive bacteria (G+) such as Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Eubacterium lentum, and Bacillus subtillis, quite meagerly the growth of the Gram negative bacterium (G─), Enterobacter aerogenes, but did not inhibit at all the growth of Erwinia amylovora (MTCC 2760) and showed a slight antifungal activity.Conclusion: From this study, we could suggest that the systematic increase in number of imidazole moiety along with expanding cloud of conjugated Ï€-electron system of ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes is responsible for the antiproliferative activity which increases in the order, R1 < R2 < R3 against HepG2 cancer cells. Consecutively, the complexes show good antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria, but show poor or no effect against Gram negative bacteria and exhibit a little antifungal activity.Â

Synthesis of a 1,2,3-bistriazole derivative of embelin and evaluation of its effect on high-fat diet fed-streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats and molecular docking studies

The embelin derivative 2a was synthesized with the 1,2,3-bistriazole and spectral data confirmed its structural identity. Anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic effects were evaluated using HFD-STZ induced type 2 diabetic rats. The derivative 2a (30 mg/kg b wt.) supplementation significantly (PPeer reviewe

Geranii Herba as a Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Main 3CLpro, Spike RBD, and Regulation of Unfolded Protein Response: An In Silico Approach

Background: Since the first patient identified with SARS-CoV-2 symptoms in December 2019, the trend of a spreading coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has remained to date. As for now, there is an urgent need to develop novel drugs or vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Methods: Polyphenolic compounds have potential as drug candidates for various diseases, including viral infections. In this study, polyphenolic compounds contained in Geranii Herba were chosen for an in silico approach. The SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), 3CLpro (Replicase polyprotein 1ab), and the cell surface receptor glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were chosen as target proteins. Results: Based on the molecular docking analysis, ellagic acid, gallic acid, geraniin, kaempferitrin, kaempferol, and quercetin showed significant binding interactions with the target proteins. Besides, the molecular dynamic simulation studies support Geranii Herba’s inhibition efficiency on the SARS-CoV-2 RBD. We assume that the active compounds in Geranii Herba might inhibit SARS-CoV-2 cell entry through the ACE2 receptor and inhibit the proteolytic process. Besides, these compounds may help to regulate the cell signaling under the unfolded protein response in endoplasmic reticulum stress through the binding with GRP78 and avoid the SARS-CoV-2 interaction. Conclusions: Hence, the compounds present in Geranii Herba could be used as possible drug candidates for the prevention/treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection