Fungal diversity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves and fruits in Russia

Sequencing of cloned PCR-amplified species-specific rDNA fragments and isolation of axenic cultures from tomato fruits was carried out to study the mycobiota of tomato leaves and fruits in European part of Russia. DNA was extracted from the leaves, and library of ITS region fragments was constructed in E. coli by cloning of PCR products. This survey revealed fourteen species associated with disease-affected leaves: Septoria lycopersici, Fulvia fulva (=Cladosporium fulvum), Didymella glomerata (=Phoma glomerata), Cladosporium herbarum, Podosphaera fusca, Neocamarosporium goegapense (=Phoma betae), Rhizoctonia solani, Candida albicans, Dioszegia hungarica, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Didymella lycopersici, Alternaria infectoria, Alternaria alternata, Cryptococcus tephrensis. In the leaves from healthy plants without any visible symptoms DNA of three species was found: Aspergillus versicolor, Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans. Analysis of axenic cultures isolated from green diseased tomato fruits revealed fungal species: Alternaria alternata, Alternaria solani, Phomopsis phaseoli, Fusarium equiseti, Chaetomium cochliodes, Clonostachys sp., Irpex lacteus, Colletotrichum coccodes. This research provides new information on the mycobiota of tomato in Southern Russia, the main tomato producing region of the country. © 2020, University of Zagreb - Faculty of Agriculture. All rights reserved

New Avenues for Theoretical Contributions in Enterprise Architecture Principles - A Literature Review

Enterprise Architecture (EA), which has been approached by both academia and industry, is considered comprising not only architectural representations, but also principles guiding architecture's design and evolution. Even though the concept of EA principles has been defined as the integral part of EA, the number of publications on this subject is very limited and only a few organizations use EA principles to manage their EA endeavors. In order to critically assess the current state of research and identify research gaps in EA principles, we focus on four general aspects of theoretical contributions in IS. By applying these aspects to EA principles, we outline future research directions in EA principles nature, adoption, practices, and impact

THE MICROMORPHOLOGY AND MINERALOGY OF GRAY FOREST SOILS IN VLADIMIR OPOLYE

The investigations were conducted on the gray forest heavy clay loamy soils, formed on the loess-like loams, which are widely spread on the territory of Vladimir Opolye. The eluvial-illuvial profile differentiation, its different intensity and the specificity of illuvial coatings (fine dispersed clayey and humus-clayey coatings with sparse skeletal content of soil) is confirmed. The presence of the coarse wooden plant residues, thick humus-clayey illuvial coatings within the illuvial horizons speak about the forest origin of the grey forest soils in Vladimir Opolye. The micromorphology of humus horizon reflects the direction of the soil forming process and the ecological status of soils. The illimerization is the main process of the matter migration and soil profile differentiation. The mixed-layer formations prevail in the clayey fraction. Mica, quartz, and K-feldspars are the prevailing compounds of the fine and medium silt within the gray forest soils. In the silt fraction of the second humus horizon prevail quartz and feld-spar. The most of the nutrients is concentrated in the clayey and fine-silt frac-tion. The micromorphological investigations confirmed the theory, which speaks about the presence of forest (the presence of illuvial coatings) as well as steppe soils (mull humus type in the SHH, the presence of primary and newly formed carbonates) specificities in the modern soil forming process within the gray forest soil of Vladimir Opolye

The bright elusive butterfly of value in health technology development; Comment on “Providing Value to New Health Technology: The Early Contribution of Entrepreneurs, Investors, and Regulatory Agencies”

The current system of health technology development is characterised by multiple misalignments. The “supply” side (innovation policy-makers, entrepreneurs, investors) and the “demand” side (health policy-makers, regulators, health technology assessment, purchasers) operate under different – and conflicting – logics. The system is less a “pathway” than an unstable ecosystem of multiple interacting sub-systems. “Value” means different things to each of the numerous actors involved. Supply-side dynamics are built on fictions; regulatory checks and balances are designed to assure quality, safety and efficacy, not to ensure that technologies entering the market are either desirable or cost-effective. Assessment of comparative and cost-effectiveness usually comes too late in the process to shape an innovation’s development. We offer no simple solutions to these problems, but in the spirit of commencing a much-needed public debate, we suggest some tentative ways forward. First, universities and public research funders should play a more proactive role in shaping the system. Second, the role of industry in forging long-term strategic partnerships for public benefit should be acknowledged (though not uncritically). Third, models of “responsible innovation” and public input to research priority-setting should be explored. Finally, the evidence base on how best to govern inter-sectoral health research partnerships should be developed and applied

Simplicity is not Simple: How Business Architecture in One of Belgium’s Biggest Companies Can Be Simple and Easy-to-Use

Part 9: Engineering MethodsInternational audienceAs organizations are becoming more complex, Enterprise Architecture (EA) serves as an important means to align the strategy with the operations and to achieve business/IT (i.e., Information Technology) alignment. Although numerous approaches have been designed for large enterprises, little EA research was oriented towards small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, both organizational types are fundamentally different and require a tailored approach. Therefore, CHOOSE was designed as an EA approach that is in accordance with the needs of SMEs. By performing a case study in the department of a large enterprise, this paper aims to investigate how CHOOSE can be used outside its original context. More specifically, it will be examined how the metamodel and modeling method could be extended to deliver an overview and valuable insights about a complex business reality. To realize this, potential solutions for the encountered issues are formulated and evaluated by the involved business stakeholders