Molecular networking-assisted flavonoid profile of Gypsophila glomerata extract in relation to its protective effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatorenal damage in rats

The aim of the study was to provide an in-depth characterization of the methanol-aqueous extract from the aerial parts of Gypsophila glomerata Pall. Ex Adams (Caryophyllaceae) (EGG) and to assess its protective potential on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver and kidney damage in male Wistar rats. Twenty-two flavonoid C-, O- and C,O-glycosides in EGG were annotated by mass spectrometry-based molecular networking; nine of them are reported in this species for the first time. Fourteen-day oral administration of EGG at a dose 200 mg kg–1 bm prevented significantly CCl4-induced liver injury, discerned by an amelioration of the markers of oxidative stress (GSH and MDA) and transaminase activity. EGG decreased the serum level of urea and creatinine as well. The observed improvement of biochemical parameters was supported by histopathological observations. The protective hepatorenal effects of EGG, rich in 2"-О-pentosyl-6-С-hexosyl-apigenin/luteolin/methylluteolin and their acetyl- and methoxycinnamoyl-derivatives, were comparable with the effects of the positive control silymarin

LC-MS analysis of phenolic compounds and oleraceins in aerial parts of Portulaca oleracea L.

Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) is a well-known edible and ethnomedicinal plant and it has been called “vegetable for long life” in the Chinese herbal medicine. The plant is recognized for the high content of polyphenols, including flavonoids and phenolic acids.In this study, hydromethanolic purslane extracts from Bulgarian and Greek locations were screened for polyphenolic content. Based on polyphenols, saponins and DPPH antioxidant activity, an orthogonaldesign L9(34) was performed in order to improve the ultrasound assisted extraction procedure of dry and fresh plant material. An UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS method in parallel-reaction monitoring mode was developed for the simultaneous identification and quantification of 14 compounds comprising hydroxybenzoic, hydroxycinnamic and caffeoylquinic acids, as well as 2 flavonol glycosides. The quantitative analysis was validated for curve fit, range, instrumental detection limit (IDL), instrumental quantification limit (IQL), LOD, LOQ, precision, recovery and accuracy. The UHPLC-MS quantification method revealed good linearity (r2 > 0.9950), LOD < 925.85 ng/g dw and LOQ < 3055.31 ng/g dw. Moreover, 11 cylco-dopa amides (Oleraceins A-D, N-Q, S, U and W) were tentatively identified through UHPLC-MS and their MS2 mass fragmentation was described

The genus Rubus L.: An insight into phytochemicals and pharmacological studies of leaves from the most promising species

Rubus L. species (Rosaceae) are traditionally used worldwide for their food and medicinal properties. Although raspberries and blackberries are well-known fruits, the leaves hold significant but often overlooked value. The review is focused on the phytochemicals and pharmacological studies on leaves from the most promising taxa. Through a comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, numerous research articles were identified. The studies revealed over 160 diterpenoids, triterpenoid acids, saponins, ellagitannins, phenolic and acylquinic acids, and flavonoids in the discussed Rubus species. These compounds contribute to the leaves’ protective effects, including astringent, hypoglycemic, and wound healing activity. Moreover, Rubus leaves are used for relieving diarrhea as well as in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This review highlights R. sanctus, R. ibericus, and R. chingii, along with R. idaeus, as prospective raw materials for therapeutic applications

The most promising Southeastern European Tanacetum species: a review of chemical composition and biological studies

Several species of the genus Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae) spread in the Southestern Europe are traditionally used as medicinal and aromatic plants, including T. vulgare, T. parthenium, T. macrophyllum, T. balsamita, T. poteriifolium. The review is focused on the phytochemical and pharmacological studies of these taxa. Major chemical constituents are acylquinic acids, sesquiterpenes, sesquiterpene lactones, methoxylated flavonoids. An in-depth depiction of more than 100 secondary metabolites was achieved in Tanacetum species by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. The ethnopharmacological studies indicate that species possess antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and cytotoxic activity along with antimicrobial and antiviral effects. Reports revealed anti-inflamatory and neuromodulatory activity involved in the pharmacological approach in counteracting migraine attacks. Multivariate data analysis allowed the identification of the most discriminant metabolites and bioactivities in the herbal drugs. This review emphasizes T. vulgare, T. macrophyllum, T. balsamita and T. parthenium as potential raw material for health-promoting application in pharmaceutical area

Chemophenetic Approach to Selected Senecioneae Species, Combining Morphometric and UHPLC-HRMS Analyses

Herein, a chemophenetic significance, based on the phenolic metabolite profiling of three Senecio (S. hercynicus, S. ovatus, and S. rupestris) and two Jacobaea species (J. pancicii and J. maritima), coupled to morphometric data, is presented. A set of twelve morphometric characters were recorded from each plant species and used as predictor variables in a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model. From a total 75 observations (15 from each of the five species), the model correctly assumed their species’ membership, except for 2 observations. Among the studied species, S. hercynicus and S. ovatus presented the greatest morphological similarity. A phytochemical profiling of phenolic specialized metabolites by UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS revealed 46 hydroxybenzoic, hydroxycinnamic, and acylquinic acids and their derivatives, 1 coumarin and 21 flavonoids. Hierarchical and PCA clustering applied to the phytochemical data corroborated the similarity of S. hercynicus and S. ovatus, observed in the morphometric analysis. This study contributes to the phylogenetic relationships between the tribe Senecioneae taxa and highlights the chemophenetic similarity/dissimilarity of the studied species belonging to Senecio and Jacobaea genera

Phytochemical study of Gypsophila trichotoma wend. (Caryophyllaceae)

Phytochemical studies of ethyl acetate extracts from the roots and aerial parts of Gypsophila trichotoma revealed the presence of stigmast-7-en-3-ol, stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-ol (spinasterol), ergost-7-en-3-ol, stigmasta-3,5dien7-one, β-sitosterol, 22,23-dihydrospinasterone, vitexin, orientin, homoorientin and hyperoside. The structures of the compounds were determined by GC/MS and HPLC analyses

UHPLC-Orbitrap screening of oleraindoles in hydromethanolic extracts of Portulaca oleracea

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L., Portulacaceae) is a widespread edible plant with significant ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological importance. The plant is characteristic for the presence of a class of indoline amide glucoside alkaloids, called cyclo-dopa amides, or oleraceins. Additionally, a new, structurally similar to oleraceins, class of indole amides have been discovered recently, called oleraindoles. These compounds have been evaluated to possess antiinflammatory and anticholinesterase activities. Herein, utilizing UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS with MS2 filtering by diagnostic ion filtering (DIF), and diagnostic difference filtering (DDF) using different data analysis tools, eight compounds with oleraindole structure were tentatively identified

The Phytochemical Profiling, In Vitro Antioxidant, and Hepatoprotective Activity of <i>Prenanthes purpurea</i> L. and Caffeoylquinic Acids in Diclofenac-Induced Hepatotoxicity on HEP-G2 Cells

Oxidative stress is a common phenomenon of many liver disorders; it both affects patient survival and directly influences the applicability, effectiveness, and toxicity of drugs. In the pursuit of reliable natural remedies for hepatoprotection, this study reports on the complete phytochemical characterization, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities of the Prenanthes purpurea methanol-aqueous extract in an in vitro model of diclofenac-induced liver injury (DILI). An ultra high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis (UHPLC-HRMS) was conducted, delineating more than 100 secondary metabolites for the first time in the species, including a series of phenolic acid-hexosides, acylquinic, acylhydroxyquinic and acyltartaric acids, and flavonoids. Quinic acid, chlorogenic, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic and 5-feruloylhydroxyquinic acid, caffeoyltartaric and cichoric acids, eryodictiol-O-hexuronide, and luteolin O-hexuronide dominated the phytochemical profile and most likely contributed to the observed hepatoprotective activity of the studied P. purpurea leaf extract. The potency and molecular basis of cellular protection were investigated in parallel with pure caffeoylquinic acids in a series of pretreatment experiments that verified the antiapoptotic and antioxidant properties of the natural products

A new liquid chromatography-high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry-based strategy to characterize Glucuronide Oleanane-type Triterpenoid Carboxylic Acid 3, 28-O-Bidesmosides (GOTCAB) saponins.A case study of Gypsophila glomerata Pall ex M. B. (Caryophyllaceae)

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