Children's rights in rural Punjab : the story of a border-dweller

There is currently a disconnect between the universal and general children's rights as presented in the United Nation's Convention on the Rights of the Child and the lived experiences of children in various countries. This thesis uses the authors' struggle to exist between two cultures as a lens through which the disconnect is explored. The author returns to her village in Punjab and looks at spaces created for children through institutions such as the education system and spaces that children create on their own. Luhmann's social systems theory is used to critique anti-humanist institutions and systems. As an alternative to Luhmann, H~dt and Negri's concept of the multitude is explored to provide insight into the political spaces that children create for themselves

A content analysis of tobacco content in season 1 of ‘And Just Like That’

Aim: ‘Sex and the City’ regularly featured smoking as a plot device, often linked with sexuality and female empowerment. Eighteen years later, the follow up ‘And Just Like That’ was released. The aim of this paper was to explore the amount of tobacco content in the first series of ‘And Just Like That’. Subject and Methods: A 1-minute content analysis of the 10 episodes from season1 of ‘And Just Like That’. Results: The 10 episodes included 394 one-minute intervals of content, with individual episodes ranging from 35-44 minutes. Tobacco content occurred in 45 intervals (11% of the total) across all 10 episodes. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that, despite the 18-year age gap between the end of the ‘Sex and the City’ TV series and the start of ‘And just like that’, and the declining smoking rates during that time, tobacco content is still regularly featured in these programmes. Whilst viewing figures are not available for this series, we know that this was HBO Max’s most streamed show of all time and was highly popular, it is, therefore, likely that large numbers of people were exposed to tobacco content through this programme

A Content Analysis and Population Exposure Estimate Of Guinness Branded Alcohol Marketing During the 2019 Guinness Six Nations

Aims: To quantify Guinness related branding in the 2019 Guinness Six Nations Championship.Methods: Content analysis of Guinness related branding (‘Guinness’ and the alibi brand ‘Greatness’) shown during active play throughout all 15 games of the 2019 Guinness Six Nations Championship. The duration of each appearance was timed to the nearest second, to provide information on the amount of time that Guinness-related branding was shown on screen. Census data and viewing figures were used to estimate gross and per capita alcohol impressions.Results: Our coding identified a total of 3719 appearances of two logos, of which 3415 (92%) were for ‘Guinness’ and 304 (8%) were for ‘Greatness’. ‘Guinness’ imagery was present for 13,640 seconds (227.3 minutes or 3.8 hours, 16% of total active play time), ‘Greatness’ for 944 seconds (15.7 minutes, 1% of total active play time), with a combined total of 14,584s across all games (243 mins or 4.05 hours, 17% of active play time). The 15 games delivered an estimated 122.4 billion Guinness-related branded impressions to the UK population, including 758 million to children aged under-16.Conclusions: Alcohol marketing was highly prevalent during the 2019 Guinness Six Nations Championship and is a significant source of exposure to alcohol marketing and advertising for children, likely influencing youth alcohol experimentation and uptake

A content analysis of tobacco content in season 1 of ‘And Just Like That’

Aim‘Sex and the City’ regularly featured smoking as a plot device, often linked with sexuality and female empowerment. Eighteen years later, the follow up ‘And Just Like That’ was released. The aim of this paper was to explore the amount of tobacco content in the first series of ‘And Just Like That’.Subject and methodsA 1-minute content analysis of the 10 episodes from season 1 of ‘And Just Like That’.ResultsThe 10 episodes included 394 one-minute intervals of content, with individual episodes ranging from 35–44 minutes. Tobacco content occurred in 45 intervals (11% of the total) across all 10 episodes.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that, despite the 18-year age gap between the end of the ‘Sex and the City’ TV series and the start of ‘And Just Like That’, and the declining smoking rates during that time, tobacco content is still regularly featured in these programmes. Whilst viewing figures are not available for this series, we know that this was HBO Max’s most streamed show of all time and was highly popular; it is, therefore, likely that large numbers of people were exposed to tobacco content through this programme

Exposure to tobacco, alcohol and 'Junk food' content in reality TV programmes broadcast in the UK between August 2019-2020.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to alcohol, tobacco and foods high in fat, sugar or salt (HFSS) content in media is a risk factor for smoking, alcohol use and HFSS consumption in young people. We report an analysis of tobacco, alcohol and HFSS content in a sample of reality TV programmes broadcast on TV and video-on-demand services throughout a 1-year period. METHODS: We used 1-min interval coding to quantify content in all episodes of 20 different reality TV programmes between August 2019 and August 2020 and estimated population exposure to a sample of these programmes using viewing data and UK population estimates. RESULTS: We coded 13 244 intervals from 264 episodes. Tobacco content appeared in 227 intervals (2%) across 43 episodes (2%), alcohol in 5167 intervals (39%) across 258 episodes (98%) and HFSS in 1752 intervals (13%) across 234 episodes (88%). A sample of 15 series delivered ~157.4 million tobacco, 3.5 billion alcohol and 1.9 billion HFSS gross impressions to the UK population, including 24 000, 12.6 million and 21.4 million, to children, respectively. CONCLUSION: Tobacco, alcohol and HFSS content are common in reality TV programmes. These programmes deliver exposure to tobacco, alcohol and HFSS imagery, which are a potential driver of tobacco use, alcohol use and HFSS consumption in young people