A New Algorithm of Iterative MIMO Detection and Decoding Using Linear Detector and Enhanced Turbo Procedure in Iterative Loop

In the paper we develop and evaluate a novel low complexity algorithm of iterative detection and decoding in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. It is based on a new enhanced Turbo procedure. Although the algorithm utilizes well-known components such as linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector and channel decoder with soft bits feedback, the new original procedure of getting extrinsic data essentially allows improving the receiver performance and reducing its complexity. Moreover, it is shown that proposed Turbo approach works even without channel decoder in the iteration loop. Thus, we ob-tain pure iterative MMSE detector with improved performance. Utilization of combined scheme with MMSE detector and channel decoder feedback demonstrates really outstanding performance. It is confirmed with simulations that the performance of proposed architecture exceeds traditional ML MIMO detector schemes that are designed with channel decoder but without iterative loop

Chemistry and Hypoglycemic Activity of GPR119 Agonist ZB-16

This article is to highlight the chemical properties and primary pharmacology of novel GPR119 agonist ZB-16 and its analogs, which were rejected during the screening. Experiments were performed in vitro (specific activity, metabolism and cell toxicity) and in vivo (hypoglycemic activity and pharmacokinetics). ZB-16 exhibits nanomolar activity (EC50 = 7.3–9.7 nM) on target receptor GPR119 in vitro associated with hypoglycemic activity in vivo. In animals with streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (STZ-NA T2D) daily oral dose of ZB-16 (1 mg/kg) or sitagliptin (10 mg/kg) for 28 days resulted in the reduction of blood glucose levels. The effects of ZB-16 were comparable to the hypoglycemic action of sitagliptin. ZB-16 demonstrated relatively low plasma exposition, high distribution volume, mild clearance and a prolonged half-life (more than 12 h). The present study demonstrates that the targeted search for selective GPR119 receptor agonists is a well-founded approach for developing novel drugs for the therapy of T2D. Based on the combination of high in vitro activity (compared to competitor standards), a useful ADME profile, distinct hypoglycemic activity which is comparable to the efficacy of sitagliptin in rats with experimental T2D, and the acceptable pharmacokinetic profile, we recommend the ZB-16 compound for further research

Ice imaging in aircraft anti-icing fluid films using polarized light

Article presents how to enhance ice contrast in the visible spectrum by using ice birefringence and polarized light reflection. The method can be used for both visual inspection and automatic ice detection systems

Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding with Closed-Loop Control in MIMO Communication Systems

In the paper, we proposed a method of space-time diversity on the transmitting side, combining a closed feedback and quasi-orthogonal space-time coding technique called closed- loop control with quasi-orthogonal space-time block coding (QO- STBC). For a configuration 4x1-4x4 with four transmit and one receive antennas and four symbols per four resource elements, our method allows the QO-STBC to be completely orthogonalized what maximizes the diversity gain. It is shown that the developed approach can also be used for the 4x2-4x2 configuration. In this case, it is not possible to orthogonalize QO-STBC completely, but the level of inter-channel correlation is considerably reduced. A statistical modeling was carried out to study the characteristics of noise immunity of the proposed transmission scheme. We show that it is sufficient to use a one-bit command to control the phase of two transmitting antennas. A gain of 1.4 dB is achieved for the 4x1-4x4 scenario and 2.5 dB - for the 4x2-4x2 case. Phase control of transmitting antennas used in this method of signal transmission does not change the interference conditions

Equivalent MIMO Channel Matrix Sparsification for Enhancement of Sensor Capabilities

One of the development directions of new-generation mobile communications is using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels with a large number of antennas. This requires the development and utilization of new approaches to signal detection in MIMO channels, since the difference in the energy efficiency and the complexity between the optimal maximum likelihood algorithm and simpler linear algorithms become very large. The goal of the presented study is the development of a method for transforming a MIMO channel into a model based on a sparse matrix with a limited number of non-zero elements in a row. It was shown that the MIMO channel can be represented in the form of a Markov process. Hence, it becomes possible to use simple iterative MIMO demodulation algorithms such as message-passing algorithms (MPAs) and Turbo

Uplink NOMA-MIMO Systems with Rayleigh Power Distribution

The article is devoted to multiple-input multiple-output antenna systems, also called MIMO systems, which are widely used in wireless communication systems. In this article we consider a case when the MIMO system works in overloaded mode. In this mode MIMO systems can be considered as a system with non-orthogonal multiple access NOMA. The main goal of this article is to analyze this interesting case using statistical computer simulation. Based on the analysis of the capacity of a discrete-continuous multiuser MIMO uplink channel, the possibility of such systems functioning in overload mode is proved

A New Algorithm of Iterative MIMO Detection and Decoding Using Linear Detector and Enhanced Turbo Procedure in Iterative Loop

In the paper we develop and evaluate a novel low complexity algorithm of iterative detection and decoding in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. It is based on a new enhanced Turbo procedure. Although the algorithm utilizes well-known components such as linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector and channel decoder with soft bits feedback, the new original procedure of getting extrinsic data essentially allows improving the receiver performance and reducing its complexity. Moreover, it is shown that proposed Turbo approach works even without channel decoder in the iteration loop. Thus, we ob-tain pure iterative MMSE detector with improved performance. Utilization of combined scheme with MMSE detector and channel decoder feedback demonstrates really outstanding performance. It is confirmed with simulations that the performance of proposed architecture exceeds traditional ML MIMO detector schemes that are designed with channel decoder but without iterative loop

ZB-16, a Novel GPR119 Agonist, Relieves the Severity of Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetes in Rats

GPR119 is involved in the regulation of incretin and insulin secretion, so the GPR119 agonists have been suggested as novel antidiabetic medications. The purpose of this work was to assess the influence of novel GPR119 agonist ZB-16 on the glucose utilization, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and the morphology of pancreas in rats with streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetes. 45 male Wistar rats were used in the study. The criteria of streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetes were blood glucose levels of 9–14 mmol/l measured in fasting conditions on the third day since administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (230 mg/kg). Animals failed to reach the criteria were excluded from the experiment. The substances were administered per os once per day for 28 days. Measurements included blood glucose monitoring (every 7 days), glucose tolerance test (every 14 days), the assessment of insulin and GLP-1 levels in blood plasma (28 days after beginning), and the results of immunohistochemical staining of pancreas. It was found that ZB-16 (1 mg/kg per os, once a day) decreases the blood glucose levels under fasting conditions and improves the glucose utilization. These changes were associated with the increase in stimulated secretion of GLP-1 and insulin, accompanied by the growth of insulin-positive cells in pancreas. Thus, ZB-16 could be a promising antidiabetic drug for oral administration

60 GHz ECR Ion Sources

International audienceElectron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) deliver high intensities of multicharged heavy ions to accelerators; nowadays the evolution of science requires extremely intense ion beams. Since 1987, semi empirical scaling laws state that the ECR plasma density, in a minimum-B magnetic field configuration, varies like the square of the electromagnetic waves (EM) frequency or of the resonant magnetic induction. The present most performing ECRIS are operated at 28 GHz. In order to significantly increase the ion beam intensities, the use of EM with frequencies of the order of 60 GHz is evaluated worldwide. Conceptual studies based on superconductors are performed and different magnetic configurations accepting such a high ECR frequency are proposed by several groups. Since 2009, LPSC collaborates with IAP-RAS (Russia) and LNCMI (CNRS) and has built the first 60 GHz ECRIS with a topologically closed resonance zone, using radially cooled polyhelices. Unique ion beam intensities have been extracted through a 1mm hole, like 1.1 mA of O³⁺ (140 mA/cm²). The worldwide high frequency ECRIS research status is presented along with a focus on the present LPSC-IAP-LNCMI strategy