Faktor Risiko yang Mempengaruhi Kesakitan Diare pada Balita

Data on diarrhea morbidity of children under five years of age, were analysed to study the risk factors influencing diarrhea prevalence. Data of Household Health Survey 1986 were used for the study. The prevalence of diarrhea among 26,139 children aged 0-59 months was 1.9%, the highest rate was among the age group of 12-23 months. Children born to parents without primary education had the highest risk of getting diarrhea (relative risk = RR = 1.46) as compared to those bom to parents with higher education. Children belonging to households of low economic status were more likely to have diarrhea (RR = 7.55) than those of better economic status. Children living in households without access to clean water (RR = 2.21) or latrine (RR = 1.54), had higher risk for diarrhea. More specific analysis of risk factors, by age groups based on the possible different cause of diarrhea, would be necessary for further direction of diarrhea disease control

Dampak Pemberian Tablet Zat Besi (Fe) pada Ibu Hamil terhadap Kejadian Bayi dengan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (Analisis Lanjut Sdki 1994)

The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) in Indonesia varied between 2.1 - 17.2%. At the end of Five years Development Plan V (Repelita V) it was 15.0%, and is expected to decrease to 10.0% by the end of Repelita VI. Low Birth Weight infant (less than 2500 grm) is an important issue, because of its relationship with the survival and health status of the infant in the future. The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is 63.5%. The cause of anemia is mostly iron deficiency. The need of iron in pregnant women is quite high which is an average of 800 mg during pregnancy. Daily food contains 10 - 20 mg iron but the human body can absorb only less than 10.0%. To overcome the problem, iron pills distribution program is implemented. The iron pills contain 200 mg ferro sulfate and 0.25 mg folic acid, and are given to all pregnant women who visit Community Health Centres (Puskesmas) and Integrated Health Service Posts (Posyandu). Each pregnant women is expected to have at least 90 iron pills during the pregnancy. The objective of further analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey 1994 is to obtain information on the impact of iron pills on low birth weight. Among the 1689 weighted children born in 1994, there were 6.7% (112 children) with low birth weight. The percentage of low birth weight (10.6%) in the mothers who did not take the iron pills is the highest, followed by mothers who took less than 90 pills (6.0%) and the lowest percentage of low birth weight is found among mothers who took the least iron pills (5.9%), and statistically the difference is significant at p=0.0271. Among mothers who weighted their new born children, 14.6% did not take iron pills during pregnancy, only 26.1% mothers who took at least 90 iron pills during pregnancy. There is variation among the number of iron pills taken. Iron pill is useful for pregnant women. Based on the pills consumed by the pregnant women, the risk for having low birth weight infant for mother who did not take pills compared with those who take at least 90 pills is 3.5 times (95% CI: 1.41 - 9.09) in Java Bali, 10.3 times (95% CI: 1.11-14.29) for mothers with education Junior High School and 2.7 times (95% CI: 1.11 - 6.66) for mothers who give birth for the first child.Based on the number of pills taken by pregnant women, risk for Low Birth Weight in urban and rural area is not different, in Java Bali and as outer Java Bali. To reduce the Low Birth Weght, it is important to intensify monitoring, educating, informating on the importance of iron pills with balanced nutrition through health attendant and community key person and involvement of private company through mass media. It is important to have examination of women before she get pregnant and give proper treatment to the diseases which can worsen the anemia during pregnancy. It is also important to do special research on the high risk of anemia by considerating factors which determine low birth weight in the effort of promoting the health of pregnant women and the infants, so that specific and or appropriate methods of intervention can be developed and applied

The Impact of Water Supply on Diarrheal Disease in Several Villages, Nusa Tenggara Timur

Dampak penyediaan air bersih terhadap penyakit diare telah dipelajari di dua kecamatan endemis Malaka Tengah dan Malaka Barat, Kabupaten Belu, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dalam bulan No-pember 1987. Prevalensi diare di 15 desa berkisar antara 73,9 - 634,2 per 1000 penduduk dengan rata-rata 2692 per 1000 penduduk. Prevalensi di desa yang menggunakan sarana baik (safe) 166 per 1000 penduduk, sarana kurang baik (less safe) 184 per 1000 penduduk dan sarana jelek (unsafe) 315 per 1000 penduduk. Sarana penyediaan air mempengaruhi prevalensi diare. Prevalensi diare relatif rendah di desa yang sebagian besar penduduknya menggunakan sarana baik. Sebaliknya prevalensi lebih tinggi di desa yang menggunakan sarana kurang baik atau jelek

Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang AIDS, Sdki 1994

In the Indonesia Demographic Health Survey 1994 ever married women age 15-49 years were asked whether they have ever heard of AIDS and if so their sources of information concerning prevention and treatment of the disease, and their personal perception about the risk of getting the disease. Half of the women age 20-34 years have ever heard about AIDS and among the older women less than half of them have ever heard about it. This analysis describes information about the relationship between knowledge of ever married women 15-49 years about AIDS with various background characteristics - age, education, occupation, exposure to mass media, area, and regions. This information is required to improve the existing health education campaign about AIDS. The results indicate that women with less than secondary education or married to husband with less than secondary education or women who do not work or working as farmers are less likely to have ever heard about AIDS. Women who are not exposed to any type of mass media or exposed to only one media are less likely to have ever heard about AIDS than those who are exposed to two or more media. The proportion of women who have ever heard about AIDS in outer Java Bali region is lower than in Java Bali region, likewise in the rural areas it is lower than in urban areas. There are significant associations between area, region, women\u27 education, husbands\u27 education, occupation, exposure to mass media and having ever heart about AIDS. The major source of information about AIDS are from TV and second are newspapers and radio. To control the transmission of HIV/ AIDS the role of mass media is very important and therefore it is necessary to improve the coverage and acceptability of the information considering mothers\u27 education, region/area, and occupation. The information material should be simple and easily understood by the various social levels of community

Internet: Litbang.depkes.go.id

Pertimbangan untuk memilih mengadakan piranti keras server Web pada dasamya sama dengan menentukan kualifikasi server jaringan komputer yang umum dipakai, yaitu sangat bergantung pada berapa padat lalu lintas informasi yang akan dilayani, berapa banyak pengguna/stasiun komputer yang ingin menggunakan informasi Internet, berapa tinggi kualitas dan besar informasi yang akan dijajakan ke Internet. Kinerja server yang rendah, sedikit demi sedikit akan ditinggalkan pengguna Internet. Server Web sebaiknya dipisahkan dengan server yang melayani pengolahan data atau program aplikasi lainnya. Begitu pula seperti komputer umumnya, karena perkembangan teknologi yang sangat cepat perlu dipikirkan pengadaan komputer yang dapat dikembangkan/ditingkatkan baik kecepatan, daya tampung, dan kineija umumnya

Internet: Web Browser

Web browser merupakan alat bagi pengguna untuk melakukan penelusuran di lingkungan Internet baik berupa teks (hypertext) maupun gambar, suara atau video (hypermedia) yang tersusun secara sistematis dalam suatu Web. Dokumen/teks tersebut sering terdiri dari beberapa halarnan atau bahkan hanya 1 halaman, saling berhubungan dengan dokumen lain melalui tanda tertentu (hyperlink yang biasanya berbentuk huruf-huruf yang berwama lain dan lebih bercahaya atau 'highlighted'). Pengguna yang tertarik untuk mengetahui informasi dari dunia hiburan sampai dengan ilmu pengetahuan, cukup menunjuk dan menekan tombol mouse pada bagian tersebut dalam Web browser, sehingga tampilan akan berpindah dari dokumen satu ke dokumen lain

Internet: Pengiriman File

Salah satu alasan pengguna komputer untuk berhubungan dengan Internet adalah mendapat kesempatan untuk menyalin ('download') informasi yang tersimpan dari server jaringan komputer lain (misalnya menyalin program aplikasi komputer, data mentah, dan sebagainya). File Transfer Protocol (FfP) adalah cara di Internet untuk mengirim file dari satu tempat ke komputer pengguna. Untuk keperluan ini dapat menggunakan program FTP khusus atau dengan menggunakan Web browser