Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with exposures in the workplace. We aimed to assess the association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 28 823 adults (≥40 years) in 34 countries. We considered 11 occupations and grouped them by likelihood of exposure to organic dusts, inorganic dusts and fumes. The association of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, dyspnoea, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC with occupation was assessed, per study site, using multivariable regression. These estimates were then meta-analysed. Sensitivity analyses explored differences between sexes and gross national income. Results Overall, working in settings with potentially high exposure to dusts or fumes was associated with respiratory symptoms but not lung function differences. The most common occupation was farming. Compared to people not working in any of the 11 considered occupations, those who were farmers for ≥20 years were more likely to have chronic cough (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19–1.94), wheeze (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16–1.63) and dyspnoea (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.53–2.20), but not lower FVC (β=0.02 L, 95% CI −0.02–0.06 L) or lower FEV1/FVC (β=0.04%, 95% CI −0.49–0.58%). Some findings differed by sex and gross national income. Conclusion At a population level, the occupational exposures considered in this study do not appear to be major determinants of differences in lung function, although they are associated with more respiratory symptoms. Because not all work settings were included in this study, respiratory surveillance should still be encouraged among high-risk dusty and fume job workers, especially in low- and middle-income countries.publishedVersio

Cohort Profile: Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study was established to assess the prevalence of chronic airflow obstruction, a key characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and its risk factors in adults (≥40 years) from general populations across the world. The baseline study was conducted between 2003 and 2016, in 41 sites across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, the Caribbean and Oceania, and collected high-quality pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry from 28 828 participants. The follow-up study was conducted between 2019 and 2021, in 18 sites across Africa, Asia, Europe and the Caribbean. At baseline, there were in these sites 12 502 participants with high-quality spirometry. A total of 6452 were followed up, with 5936 completing the study core questionnaire. Of these, 4044 also provided high-quality pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry. On both occasions, the core questionnaire covered information on respiratory symptoms, doctor diagnoses, health care use, medication use and ealth status, as well as potential risk factors. Information on occupation, environmental exposures and diet was also collected

Eigenvalues of s-Type Operators on Prequasi Normed Ct,p

We investigate some new topological properties of the multiplication operator on Ct,p defined by Bilgin (The Punjab University Journal of Mathematics, vol. 30, pp. 67–77, 1997) equipped with the prequasi norm and the prequasi operator ideal formed by this sequence space and s-numbers

Multiplication Operators on Orlicz Generalized Difference (sss)

In this article, we inspect the sufficient conditions on the Orlicz generalized difference sequence space to be premodular Banach (sss). We look at some topological and geometrical structures of the multiplication operators described on Orlicz generalized difference prequasi normed (sss)

Map Ideal of Type the Domain of r-Cesàro Matrix in the Variable Exponent ℓt. and Its Eigenvalue Distributions

In this article, we define a new sequence space generated by the domain of r-Cesàro matrix in Nakano sequence space. Some geometric and topological properties of this sequence space, the multiplication maps defined on it, and the eigenvalue distributions of map ideal with s-numbers that belong to this sequence space have been examined

Kannan Prequasi Contraction Maps on Nakano Sequence Spaces

In this article, we explore the concept of the prequasi norm on Nakano special space of sequences (sss) such that its variable exponent in 0,1. We evaluate the sufficient setting on it with the definite prequasi norm to configuration prequasi Banach and closed (sss). The Fatou property of different prequasi norms on this (sss) has been investigated. Moreover, the existence of a fixed point of Kannan prequasi norm contraction maps on the prequasi Banach (sss) and the prequasi Banach operator ideal constructed by this (sss) and s− numbers have been examined

Orlicz Generalized Difference Sequence Space and the Linked Pre-Quasi Operator Ideal

In this article, the necessary conditions on s-type Orlicz generalized difference sequence space to generate an operator ideal have been examined. Therefore, the s-type Orlicz generalized difference sequence space which fails to generate an operator ideal has been shown. We investigate the sufficient conditions on this sequence space to be premodular Banach special space of sequences, and the constructed pre-quasi operator ideal becomes small, simple, closed, Banach space and has eigenvalues identical with its s-numbers

Kannan nonexpansive maps on generalized Cesàro backward difference sequence space of non-absolute type with applications to summable equations

Abstract In this article, we investigate the notion of the pre-quasi norm on a generalized Cesàro backward difference sequence space of non-absolute type ( Ξ ( Δ , r ) ) ψ $(\Xi (\Delta,r) )_{\psi }$ under definite function ψ. We introduce the sufficient set-up on it to form a pre-quasi Banach and a closed special space of sequences (sss), the actuality of a fixed point of a Kannan pre-quasi norm contraction mapping on ( Ξ ( Δ , r ) ) ψ $(\Xi (\Delta,r) )_{\psi }$ , it supports the property (R) and has the pre-quasi normal structure property. The existence of a fixed point of the Kannan pre-quasi norm nonexpansive mapping on ( Ξ ( Δ , r ) ) ψ $(\Xi (\Delta,r) )_{\psi }$ and the Kannan pre-quasi norm contraction mapping in the pre-quasi Banach operator ideal constructed by ( Ξ ( Δ , r ) ) ψ $(\Xi (\Delta,r) )_{\psi }$ and s-numbers has been determined. Finally, we support our results by some applications to the existence of solutions of summable equations and illustrative examples

Prequasiideal of the type weighted binomial matrices in the Nakano sequence space of soft functions with some applications

Abstract Consider the space of weighted binomial matrices in the Nakano sequence space of soft functions. We have offered some geometric and topological structures of the multiplication operator acting on this space and its associated operator ideal. The existence of a fixed point of the Kannan contraction operator in this prequasioperator ideal is confirmed. Finally, we discuss many applications of solutions to nonlinear stochastic dynamical matrix systems and illustrative examples of our findings

Fixed Point Results of a New Family of Contractions in Metric Space Endowed with a Graph

In this note, a general class of contractive inequality, namely, admissible hybrid H−α−ϕ contraction, is proposed in metric space endowed with a graph, and new criteria for which the mapping is a Picard operator are examined. The significance of this type of contraction is connected with the possibility that its inequality can be particularized in more than one way, depending on the provided constants. Relevant examples are designed to support the assumptions of our obtained notions and to show how they are different from the known ones. A corollary which reduces our obtained result to a recently published result in the literature is pointed out and discussed