Shared ATM networks - the antitrust dimension

Automated tellers ; Payment systems

Stationary device produces homogeneous mixture of fluids

Stationary device produces a homogeneous mixture of two or more one-phase or two-phase fluids. The device contains two concentric flow guides with helical passageways through which the fluids are forced into turbulent flow by the system pressure differential

Boron-10 loaded inorganic shielding material

Shielding material containing Boron 10 and gadoliunium for neutron absorption has been developed to reduce interference from low energy neutrons in measurement of fission neutron spectrum using Li-6 fast neutron spectrometer

Vortex simulations of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability

A vortex technique capable of calculating the Rayleigh–Taylor instability to large amplitudes in inviscid, incompressible, layered flows is introduced. The results show the formation of a steady‐state bubble at large times, whose velocity is in agreement with the theory of Birkhoff and Carter. It is shown that the spike acceleration can exceed free fall, as suggested recently by Menikoff and Zemach. Results are also presented for instability at various Atwood ratios and for fluids having several layers

Fast-neutron spectrometer developments

Li6 sandwich-type neutron spectrometer is equipped with proportional counter for particle identification. System uses current-sensitive preamplifiers to minimize pile-up of gamma-ray and particle pulses

Coronal mass ejections, magnetic clouds, and relativistic magnetospheric electron events: ISTP

The role of high-speed solar wind streams in driving relativistic electron acceleration within the Earth\u27s magnetosphere during solar activity minimum conditions has been well documented. The rising phase of the new solar activity cycle (cycle 23) commenced in 1996, and there have recently been a number of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and related “magnetic clouds” at 1 AU. As these CME/cloud systems interact with the Earth\u27s magnetosphere, some events produce substantial enhancements in the magnetospheric energetic particle population while others do not. This paper compares and contrasts relativistic electron signatures observed by the POLAR, SAMPEX, Highly Elliptical Orbit, and geostationary orbit spacecraft during two magnetic cloud events: May 27–29, 1996, and January 10–11, 1997. Sequences were observed in each case in which the interplanetary magnetic field was first strongly southward and then rotated northward. In both cases, there were large solar wind density enhancements toward the end of the cloud passage at 1 AU. Strong energetic electron acceleration was observed in the January event, but not in the May event. The relative geoeffectiveness for these two cases is assessed, and it is concluded that large induced electric fields (∂B/∂t) caused in situ acceleration of electrons throughout the outer radiation zone during the January 1997 event