The Impact of Prayer on the Ministries of D.L. Moody, C.H. Spurgeon, and Billy Graham: A Descriptive Study

This study describes the significance of prayer in the nineteenth century ministries of evangelist-revivalist D. L. Moody, pastor-evangelist C. H. Spurgeon, and the twentieth-century ministry of evangelist Billy Graham. Furthermore, a description of the three most successful evangelical ministries of the last two centuries will demonstrate the vital role of prayer in their effective Christian ministries. After extensively researching the lives of D. L. Moody, C. H. Spurgeon, and Billy Graham, it is clear that prayer played a major role in their lives and, according to personal statements, was a key to their success. While various facets of their ministry have been examined, this proposed work will be narrow as it solely examines the spiritual discipline of prayer in the lives of Moody, Spurgeon, and Graham. This thesis has been written by using primary sources, which included Moody\u27s, Spurgeon\u27s, and Graham\u27s own words and recordings of their lives. The paper also used biographers and other secondary source\u27s evaluations of these men\u27s ministries, especially in regard to their prayer lives

Arachidonoyl-Phospholipid Remodeling in Proliferating Murine T Cells

BACKGOUND: Previous studies have shown that the functional capacity of T cells may be modulated by the composition of fatty acids within, and the release of fatty acids from membrane phospholipids, particulary containing arachidonic acid (AA). The remodeling of AA within membrane phospholipids of resting and proliferating CD4(+ )and CD8(+ )T cells is examined in this study. RESULTS: Splenic T cells were cultured in the presence or absence of anti-CD3 mAb for 48 h then labeled with [(3)H]AA for 20 min. In unstimulated cells, labeled AA was preferentially incorporated into the phosphoglycerides, phosphatidylcholine (PC) followed by phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). During a subsequent chase in unlabeled medium unstimulated CD4(+ )and CD8(+ )T cells demonstrated a significant and highly selective transfer of free, labeled AA into the PC pool. In contrast, proliferating CD4(+ )and CD8(+ )T cells distributed labeled [(3)H]AA predominantly into PI followed by PC and PE. Following a chase in AA-free medium, a decline in the content of [(3)H]AA-PC was observed in association with a comparable increase in [(3)H]AA-PE. Subsequent studies revealed that the cold AA content of all PE species was increased in proliferating T cells compared with that in non-cycling cells, but that enrichment in AA was observed only in the ether lipid fractions. Finally, proliferating T cells preincubated with [(3)H]AA exhibited a significant loss of labeled arachidonate in the PC fraction and an equivalent gain in labeled AA in 1-alk-1'-enyl-2-arachidonoyl-PE during a chase in unlabeled medium. CONCLUSION: This apparent unidirectional transfer of AA from PC to ether-containing PE suggests the existence of a CoA-independent transacylase system in T cells and supports the hypothesis that arachidonoyl phospholipid remodeling may play a role in the regulation of cellular proliferation

Direct comparison of Eulerian–Eulerian and Eulerian–Lagrangian simulations for particle‐laden vertical channel flow

Particle‐laden flows in a vertical channel were simulated using an Eulerian–Eulerian, Anisotropic Gaussian (EE‐AG) model. Two sets of cases varying the overall mass loading were done using particle sizes corresponding to either a large or small Stokes number. Primary and turbulent statistics were extracted from these results and compared with counterparts collected from Eulerian–Lagrangian (EL) simulations. The statistics collected from the small Stokes number particle cases correspond well between the two models, with the EE‐AG model replicating the transition observed using the EL model from shear‐induced turbulence to relaminarization to cluster‐induced turbulence as the mass loading increased. The EE‐AG model was able to capture the behavior of the EL simulations only at the largest particle concentrations using the large Stokes particles. This is due to the limitations involved with employing a particle‐phase Eulerian model (as opposed to a Lagrangian representation) for a spatially intermittent system that has a low particle number concentration.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155968/1/aic16230_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155968/2/aic16230.pd

Reynolds-stress modeling of cluster-induced turbulence in particle-laden vertical channel flow

Particle-laden flow in a vertical channel was simulated using a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes two-fluid model including a Reynolds-stress model (RSM). Two sets of cases varying the overall mass loading were done using particle sizes corresponding to either a large or small Stokes number. Primary and turbulent statistics extracted from counterpart Eulerian-Lagrangian and Eulerian-Eulerian anisotropic-Gaussian simulations were used to inform parameters and closures applied in the RSM. While the behavior at the center of the channel compared well with the other simulations, including the transition from fully developed turbulent flow to relaminarization to cluster-induced turbulence as the mass loading increased, the behavior close to the wall deviated significantly. The primary contributor to this difference was the application of a uniform drag coefficient, which resulted in the RSM overpredicting the fluid-phase turbulent kinetic energy close to the wall. When considering small Stokes particles, the RSM at greater mass loadings reproduced the transient clustering observed in the other models. This was not observed using larger particles

Intimate Attachment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Urinary Bladder Epithelium in the Gnotobiotic Piglet Model

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), a pathogenic subset of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), is an important cause of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS), and a rare cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) with associated HUS. EHEC strains attach intimately to intestinal epithelium with formation of actin pedestals (attaching-effacing (A/E) lesions); however, the mechanism of EHEC attachment to the uroepithelium is unknown. We conducted a retrospective study on archived urinary bladder specimens from gnotobiotic piglets that naturally developed cystitis associated with EHEC O157:H7 infection following oral inoculation and fecal shedding. Paraffin-embedded bladder tissues from three piglets with cystitis and immunohistochemical evidence of EHEC O157:H7 adherence to the uroepithelium were processed for and examined by transmission electron microscopy. EHEC O157:H7 bacteria were found in one of three piglets, intimately attached to pedestals on the apical surfaces of the superficial urothelium (umbrella cells). Cystitis was significantly associated with the length of survival of the piglets post-inoculation (p = 0.0339; estimated odds ratio = 2.6652). This is the first report of E. coli causing A/E-like lesions in the uroepithelium, and also evidence of the utility of the gnotobiotic piglet as a model for studies of the pathogenesis of EHEC UTIs

Vascular endothelial function is improved after active mattress use

Objective: Active mattresses are used to prevent, treat and relieve pressure ulcers (PU) by intermittent contact pressure/relief. However, no studies have directly assessed the vascular endothelial response to long-term active mattress use. This study investigated the hypothesis that eight weeks use of an active mattress would lead to improvements in vascular endothelial function in healthy participants. Methods: Physiological parameters of baseline skin temperature (BskT), resting blood flow (RBF) and endothelial function as measured using post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH), were assessed at baseline (week 0); following eight weeks of sleeping on an active mattress, and after an eight week washout period (at week 16). Results: We recruited 10 healthy participants (four male, age 52.7±8.5 years, six female age 51.8±17.5 years). Following active mattress use RBF, PORH and BskT at the hallux pulp increased by 336%, 197% and 3.5°C, respectively. Mean values increased from 24.3±38.3 perfusion units to 106.0±100.3 perfusion units (p=0.021) and from 13,456±10,225 to 40,252±23,995 perfusion units x seconds (p=0.003) and from 22.9±2.5°C to 26.4±1.9°C (p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Active mattress use for eight weeks leads to significant improvements in RBF, PORH, and BskT. These results suggest that active mattress use can improve endothelial function. Future research is required to explore the potential of active mattress use in the treatment and management of diseases and conditions that would benefit from an improved endothelial function

Minnesota drought.

Drought is an ordinary and expected part of the climate of any location. However, there are a few measures of drought and often it is difficult to recognize when a drought has begun and when it has ended. In the United States, the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI)is the most commonly employed measure of drought. Examination of the averages and variability of the PDSI is needed to draw conclusions about the temporal and geographic patterns of drought over Minnesota is to be drawn