Soot, Mud, and Mold: Beyond the Basics of Salvaging Archives Collections

Do you have a disaster plan but still don’t feel like you would know what to do in the event of a largescale disaster? This half-day workshop takes you to the next step in terms of implementing your plan under stress. Through lecture, simulations, and hands-on activities, you will develop an understanding of how to respond to the emergency, prioritize salvage operations, and work with vendors. Know what your immediate responses should be and feel confident in your decision-making process bybecoming familiar with your treatment options and knowing how to get the salvage operation started. Participants will be asked to come prepared with their own institution-specific plans and information.https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/pres_workshops/1004/thumbnail.jp

Prevention of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks with a Subcutaneous C1 Inhibitor

Prevenció; Atac d'angioedema; Inhibidor C1Prevención; Ataque de angioedema; Inhibidor C1Prevention; Angioedema attack; C1 inhibitorBACKGROUND: Hereditary angioedema is a disabling, potentially fatal condition caused by deficiency (type I) or dysfunction (type II) of the C1 inhibitor protein. In a phase 2 trial, the use of CSL830, a nanofiltered C1 inhibitor preparation that is suitable for subcutaneous injection, resulted in functional levels of C1 inhibitor activity that would be expected to provide effective prophylaxis of attacks. METHODS: We conducted an international, prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of self-administered subcutaneous CSL830 in patients with type I or type II hereditary angioedema who had had four or more attacks in a consecutive 2-month period within 3 months before screening. We randomly assigned the patients to one of four treatment sequences in a crossover design, each involving two 16-week treatment periods: either 40 IU or 60 IU of CSL830 per kilogram of body weight twice weekly followed by placebo, or vice versa. The primary efficacy end point was the number of attacks of angioedema. Secondary efficacy end points were the proportion of patients who had a response (≥50% reduction in the number of attacks with CSL830 as compared with placebo) and the number of times that rescue medication was used. RESULTS: Of the 90 patients who underwent randomization, 79 completed the trial. Both doses of CSL830, as compared with placebo, reduced the rate of attacks of hereditary angioedema (mean difference with 40 IU, -2.42 attacks per month; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.38 to -1.46; and mean difference with 60 IU, -3.51 attacks per month; 95% CI, -4.21 to -2.81; P<0.001 for both comparisons). Response rates were 76% (95% CI, 62 to 87) in the 40-IU group and 90% (95% CI, 77 to 96) in the 60-IU group. The need for rescue medication was reduced from 5.55 uses per month in the placebo group to 1.13 uses per month in the 40-IU group and from 3.89 uses in the placebo group to 0.32 uses per month in the 60-IU group. Adverse events (most commonly mild and transient local site reactions) occurred in similar proportions of patients who received CSL830 and those who received placebo. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with hereditary angioedema, the prophylactic use of a subcutaneous C1 inhibitor twice weekly significantly reduced the frequency of acute attacks. (Funded by CSL Behring; COMPACT EudraCT number, 2013-000916-10 , and ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01912456)

Benefits of robotic cystectomy with intracorporeal diversion for patients with low cardiorespiratory fitness: a prospective cohort study

Background: Patients undergoing radical cystectomy have associated comorbidities resulting in reduced cardiorespiratory fitness. Preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) measures including anaerobic threshold (AT) can predict major adverse events (MAE) and hospital length of stay (LOS) for patients undergoing open and robotic cystectomy with extracorporeal diversion. Our objective was to determine the relationship between CPET measures and outcome in patients undergoing robotic radical cystectomy and intracorporeal diversion (intracorporeal robotic assisted radical cystectomy [iRARC]). Methods: A single institution prospective cohort study in patients undergoing iRARC for muscle invasive and high-grade bladder cancer. Inclusion: patients undergoing standardised CPET before iRARC. Exclusions: patients not consenting to data collection. Data on CPET measures (AT, ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide [VE/VCO2] at AT, peak oxygen uptake [VO2]), and patient demographics prospectively collected. Outcome measurements included hospital LOS; 30-day MAE and 90-day mortality data, which were prospectively recorded. Descriptive and regression analyses were used to assess whether CPET measures were associated with or predicted outcomes. Results: From June 2011 to March 2015, 128 patients underwent radical cystectomy (open cystectomy, n = 17; iRARC, n = 111). A total of 82 patients who underwent iRARC and CPET and consented to participation were included. Median (interquartile range): age = 65 (58–73); body mass index = 27 (23–30); AT = 10.0 (9–11), Peak VO2 = 15.0 (13–18.5), VE/VCO2 (AT) = 33.0 (30–38). 30-day MAE = 14/111 (12.6%): death = 2, multiorgan failure = 2, abscess = 2, gastrointestinal = 2, renal = 6; 90-day mortality = 3/111 (2.7%). AT, peak VO2, and VE/VCO2 (at AT) were not significant predictors of 30-day MAE or LOS. The results are limited by the absence of control group undergoing open surgery. Conclusions: Poor cardiorespiratory fitness does not predict increased hospital LOS or MAEs in patients undergoing iRARC. Overall, MAE and LOS comparable with other series

Mapping Fashion in the \u27City by the Sea\u27: Shopping Districts in Newport, Rhode Island

Newport, Rhode Island is internationally recognized for both its prime location on Narragansett Bay and its storied history. Nicknamed the ‘City by the Sea,’ it is famous for its world-class sailing, colonial New England architecture, Gilded Age mansions, trendy restaurants and bars, and nearby beaches. Cultural tourism is a multi-million dollar business for Rhode Island, especially for Newport, where shopping is fourth on the list of revenue generators. The relationship of an American resort city’s geographical setting, built environment, and cultural heritage to its fashion retail sector has not been explored. Acknowledging that fashion contributes to a city’s image, the authors review Newport’s history, provide a profile of Newport today, map Newport’s nine shopping districts, and analyze Newport’s fashion retail sector on the various streets, squares, wharves, and piers. Such an analysis may prove useful to retailers in other resort cities—both small independent boutique owners and national chain stores—as well as city planners and tourism boards

Symmetries and the identity of physical states

The paper proposes a combined account of identity for physical states and direct empirical significance for symmetries according to which symmetry-related state variables designate distinct physical states if and only if the symmetry that relates them has direct empirical significance. Strengthening an earlier result, I show that, given this combined account, the local gauge symmetries in our leading contemporary theories of particle physics do not have any direct empirical significance

Transcriptional activity of XDR <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi after exposure to subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations

Background: Exposure to subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations can reflect the conditions that bacteria may encounter both in clinical and environmental sample types and could select for antimicrobial resistance. This exposure can induce stress and alter gene expression, promoting both bacterial survival and the emergence of resistance via mutagenic DNA repair. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which exposure to subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations alters gene expression in a drug-resistant isolate. Methods: We used an extensively-drug resistant Salmonella Typhi isolate to investigate the effects of treatment with subinhibitory concentrations of ampicillin (AMP), ceftriaxone (CEF), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), co-trimoxazole (SXT) and tebipenem-pivoxil (TBP), as well as mitomycin C (MTC), on gene expression. Total RNA was extracted followed by ribosomal RNA depletion and library preparation for sequencing on a NovaSeq platform. Sequenced reads were processed using the nf-core/rnaseq pipeline followed by analysis using DESeq2 and topGO. A q-value of 2 or Results: Treatment with CIP, CHL, MTC and TBP significantly altered gene expression. No genes were significantly down-regulated from treatment with CIP, with the top Gene Ontology (GO) terms for the 25 up-regulated genes associated with SOS response, DNA repair and response to radiation, consistent with previously reported studies. Interestingly, CIP and MTC caused increased expression of both lexA, a main repressor for SOS genes, as well as recA, which is the main inducer of the SOS response pathway. CHL induced a total of 97 up-regulated and 54 down-regulated genes, with the majority involved in transmembrane transport, translation, and response to chemical. LysA (amino acid metabolism) and cpxP (stress response) were the only two genes up-regulated by TBP. No significant expression changes were found for treatment with AMP, CEF or SXT. Conclusion: These initial results replicate findings that subinhibitory concentrations of CIP as well as treatment with MTC can induce significant transcriptional up-regulation of genes in the SOS response pathway. Further investigation into the transcriptional response, specifically genes associated with the SOS pathway, is needed