Alien Registration- Baker, Albert E. (Saint Francis, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/32444/thumbnail.jp

Offer-of-Judgment Rules and Civil Litigation: An Empirical Study of Automobile Insurance Litigation in the East

Although their express purpose is to adjudicate disputes, courts by their institutional design encourage civil litigants to settle their differences without resorting to trial. Most civil systems impose filing fees, pleading requirements, and a highly formalized presentation of evidence; also, because of crowded civil dockets, courts typically require litigants to wait months, or even years, for their trial date.\u27 For these reasons, and because of the increasing costs of legal representation, it is not surprising that the majority of litigants settle before trial. Notwithstanding these measures, federal courts and most state courts have an additional mechanism to encourage settlement, generally known as an offer-of-judgment rule. Following the leads of Minnesota, Montana, and New York, the Supreme Court promulgated Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 68 (hereinafter Rule 68 ) in 1937. Briefly stated, the rule allows a defending party-at her discretion-to submit a formal settlement offer to the court as well as to the claimant. If the plaintiff does not accept the offer and does not ultimately recover an amount greater than the proposed settlement, then she is required to pay the defendant\u27s post-offer court costs

Offer-of-Judgment Rules and Civil Litigation: An Empirical Study of Automobile Insurance Litigation in the East

Although their express purpose is to adjudicate disputes, courts by their institutional design encourage civil litigants to settle their differences without resorting to trial. Most civil systems impose filing fees, pleading requirements, and a highly formalized presentation of evidence; also, because of crowded civil dockets, courts typically require litigants to wait months, or even years, for their trial date.\u27 For these reasons, and because of the increasing costs of legal representation, it is not surprising that the majority of litigants settle before trial. Notwithstanding these measures, federal courts and most state courts have an additional mechanism to encourage settlement, generally known as an offer-of-judgment rule. Following the leads of Minnesota, Montana, and New York, the Supreme Court promulgated Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 68 (hereinafter Rule 68 ) in 1937. Briefly stated, the rule allows a defending party-at her discretion-to submit a formal settlement offer to the court as well as to the claimant. If the plaintiff does not accept the offer and does not ultimately recover an amount greater than the proposed settlement, then she is required to pay the defendant\u27s post-offer court costs

Subclasses of Formalized Data Flow Diagrams: Monogeneous, Linear & Topologically Free Choice RDFD\u27s

Formalized Data Flow Diagrams (FDFD\u27s) and, especially, Reduced Data Flow Diagrams (RDFD\u27s) are Turing equivalent (Symanzik and Baker, 1996). Therefore, no decidability problem can be solved for FDFD\u27s in general. However, it is possible to define subclasses of FDFD\u27s for which decidability problems can be answered. In this paper we will define certain subclasses of FDFD\u27s, which we call Monogeneous RDFD\u27s, Linear RDFD\u27s, and Topologically Free Choice RDFD\u27s. We will show that two of these three subclasses of FDFD\u27s can be simulated via isomorphism by the correspondingly named subclasses of FIFO Petri Nets. It is known that isomorphisms between computation systems guarantee the same answers to corresponding decidability problems (e. g., reachability, deadlock, liveness) in the two systems (Kasai and Miller, 1982). This means that problems where it is known that they can (not) be solved for a subclass of FIFO Petri Nets it follows immediately that the same problems can (not) be solved for the correspondingly named subclass of FDFD\u27s

Microstructural Evolution of Fine-Grained Layers through the Firn Column at Summit, Greenland

We present a microstructural characterization of fine-grained layers from the top 90 m of firn from Summit, Greenland, performed using a combination of scanning electron microscopy techniques including secondary electron imaging, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and electron backscattered patterns, and X-ray microcomputed tomography. The impurities in the firn, both soluble impurities and dust particles, were found largely in the grain interiors. Both c- and a-axis pole figures do not show strong evidence of a preferred orientation of the grains even at the bottom of the firn column. The firn structure became increasingly anisotropic with vertical alignment in the top 3 m, probably due to vapor transport associated with dry-snow metamorphism. The anisotropy decreases below this level until at ∼50 m the average firn structure is close to isotropic. In the near surface, the level of anisotropy is weaker than at Hercules Dome, Antarctica, confirming that differences in accumulation rates and temperatures leave enduring evidence in the structure of the firn. The fraction of closed-off pores is relatively low until ∼65 m; below that it rises through the end of our sampling at 90 m. Our microstructure measurements on the microscale are consistent with in situ firn-air sampling measurements on a decimeter scale, both indicating the existence of the lock-in zone starting near 69 m depth, and pore close-off at 81 m at this site

Empirically Assessing Students\u27 Perceptions of the Importance of Student Characteristic

After at least four years of college, do students seeking entry-Ievel IS employment realize that employers consider many variables when making the hiring decision? Many employers look at GPA, but other variables, such as the business skills, ability to work with others, energy, drive, and enthusiasm, and analytical skills, are also important. This study empirically assesses students\u27 perceptions of the importance of seven student characteristics in the hiring process. Subjects included 51 undergraduate and 28 graduate students. The methodology employs analysis that facilitates the examination of all seven characteristics simultaneously. Results show that the two most important variables were communication skills and the ability to work with others. While all seven variables were important, students perceived GPA to be the least important of the seven. Demographic variables such as gender and major had no effect on the results

The Impact of Ice Layers on Gas Transport through Firn at the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (Neem) Site, Greenland

Typically, gas transport through firn is modeled in the context of an idealized firn column. However, in natural firn, imperfections are present, which can alter transport dynamics and therefore reduce the accuracy of reconstructed climate records. For example, ice layers have been found in several firn cores collected in the polar regions. Here, we examined the effects of two ice layers found in a NEEM, Greenland firn core on gas transport through the firn. These ice layers were found to have permeability values of 3.0 and 4.0 × 10−10 m2, and are therefore not impermeable layers. However, the shallower ice layer was found to be significantly less permeable than the surrounding firn, and can therefore retard gas transport. Large closed bubbles were found in the deeper ice layer, which will have an altered gas composition than that expected because they were closed near the surface after the water phase was present. The bubbles in this layer represent 12% of the expected closed porosity of this firn layer after the firn-ice transition depth is reached, and will therefore bias the future ice core gas record. The permeability and thickness of the ice layers at the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) site suggest that they do not disrupt the firn-air concentration profiles and that they do not need to be accounted for in gas transport models at NEEM