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Background: This study was performed in order to analyze and categorize morphologic features of 15 genotypes belonging to Pinto bean in the form of complete random blocks plan in three replicates on Broujerd agricultural researches and natural resources station farm in 2011. Objective: The features under study included singlebush performance (g), biologic performance, harvest index, plant height (cm), knot number on main stem, sheath number on main stem, sheath length (cm), sheath width (cm), minor-stem number, a hundred-seed weight (g), sheath weight (g), sheath number in single bush, and seed number in sheath for single bush. Results: The results showed that the greatest correlation of single-bush seed yield is with the features harvest index (r = 0.76**), biologic yield (r=0.72**), and sheath weight (r = 0.51*). Also, it was recognized that the feature of sheath width is of negative and significant correlation with the feature of yield (r=0.59*). Principle components analysis demonstrated that the first 5 components, on the whole, explain 86 percent of changes in variables under study

Antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract and chemical composition of the essential oil of Eremostachys laciniata collected from Zagros

Objective: To examine the chemical component of the essential oil of Eremostachys laciniata and evaluate antioxidant activity of the extract. Methods: The hydrodistillated essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Also, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Folin-Ciocalteu and colorimetric method, respectively. Results: The major components of the essential oil were p-cymene (21.64%), linalool (17.93%), and α-pinene (11.42%). Also, the extract obtained by methanol showed a good antioxidant activity. The same extract also exhibited high phenolic and flavonoid contents. Conclusions: These results indicate that Eremostachys laciniata can be used in dietary applications with a potential to reduce oxidative stress

Estimation of Scots pine bark biomass delivered to the wood industry in Northern Germany

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most widely distributed pine species in the world. In Germany, as in many other European countries, it is a very important species both culturally and economically. Few studies have focused on bark volumes being delivered to the wood industry together with the roundwood, being potentially a valuable resource for material or energetic utilization. Therefore, logs from six different forest sites were collected and bark variables including double bark thickness (DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of miss-DBT) in three different categories, diameter, and bark damage (as a degree of missing bark) were measured and analyzed in order to model bark volume (Vbark) and bark mass (Mbark). The correlation analysis using Pearson’s method showed that the highest correlation coefficients were observed from the correlation between DBT and Vbark, as well as between DBT and Mbark. Also, results demonstrated that with DBT greater than 20 mm, the percentage of Vbark exceeded 20%. Finally, different linear regression models were recommended to predict Vbark and Mbark based on the other variables. The results of this study can be used in different wood industries in order to predict bark volume and bark mass of e.g. truckloads or roundwood stacks