4 research outputs found

    Differentiating the Visual Aesthetics of the Sublime and the Beautiful: Selective Effects of Stimulus Size, Height, and Color on Sublimity and Beauty Ratings in Photographs

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    Despite the philosophical literature concerning the sublime and the beautiful, dating back to Burke (1759/2008), there is still limited empirical evidence regarding the visual aesthetics of sublimity and beauty. The present article asks whether the manner in which photographs are presented can alter the perception of the sublimity and beauty ratings of these photographs. In a set of studies, it is reported that the increase of presentation size increases sublimity more than beauty (Study 1) and that this is mainly driven by the effects of visual angle (Study 3). While increasing presentation height affects both sublimity and beauty positively and in similar degrees (Study 1), the presence of color (vs. black and white [monochrome]) is predominantly related to judgments of beauty (Study 2). Brightness and contrast levels affected neither sublimity nor beauty (Study 3). An important methodological point is that all inferential statistics use linear mixed models, which treat both participants and stimuli as random effects. In addition, each participant receives different random subsets of stimuli, increasing the size of the stimulus set. Overall, the analyses incorporate 233 photographs and 245 participants in total, which allows the generalizability of findings. Sublimity and beauty respond differentially to different presentational cues, which demonstrates the importance of simultaneously considering sublimity and beauty in empirical studies on aesthetic judgments

    Belief updating about Interoception and Body Size Estimation in Anorexia Nervosa

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    Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder with high mortality and morbidity rates, partly due to treatment resistance and high relapse rates. Treatment adherence and recovery has been found to be hindered by insight deficits, a lack of appreciation of one’s illness, or its consequences, most frequent in restrictive AN. However, to date, insight disturbances in AN have mainly been studied in relation to treatment outcomes rather than explanatory mechanisms. One possibility is that interoception (the sensing, awareness and interpretation of physiological signals) and particularly its metacognitive aspects such as prospective (self-efficacy) and retrospective (insight) beliefs about one’s interoceptive abilities may be affected in AN. To our knowledge however such aspects of global metacognition, and their relation to key interoceptive and body perception impairments, have not been assessed in AN. Here in two experiments (nAN=51 and 28, nAN-WR=47 and 21, nHC=63 and 34, respectively), we tested, (a) how women with and weight-restored from AN (AN-WR), in comparison to healthy controls (HCs), formulate explicit interoceptive self-efficacy beliefs (i.e., estimates of performance in a cardiac perception task) prospectively and then update them following performance and then following explicit feedback and (b) how they formulate prospectively and then update following feedback two types of body-size beliefs (estimates about the envisioned body, ‘How thin it looks' vs the emotional body, ‘How thin it feels’). Results of Experiment 1 confirmed our hypotheses that the AN (but not the AN-WR) group formulated more pessimistic interoceptive self-efficacy beliefs in comparison to HCs both before and after otherwise comparable performance. In Experiment 2 we found that the AN group envisioned and felt (also the AN-WR group) their body size to be bigger than it really is in comparison to controls. Post-feedback, the AN but not AN-WR group significantly overestimated both their envisioned and emotional body and they also updated their emotional body size estimates at a slower rate than the HCs. These observed group differences in belief updating about interoceptive self-efficacy and body size estimates warrant further studies in interoceptive metacognition and belief updating in AN, and their relation with insight deficits, particularly at the acute stages of the disease

    Belief Updating in Anorexia Nervosa

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    Belief Updating about Interoceptive States and Body Size Estimates in Anorexia Nervos

    Differentiating the Visual Aesthetics of the Sublime and the Beautiful: Selective Effects of Stimulus Size, Height, and Color on Sublimity and Beauty Ratings in Photographs

    Get PDF
    Despite the philosophical literature concerning the sublime and the beautiful, dating back to Burke (1759/2008), there is still limited empirical evidence regarding the visual aesthetics of sublimity and beauty. The present article asks whether the manner in which photographs are presented can alter the perception of the sublimity and beauty ratings of these photographs. In a set of studies, it is reported that the increase of presentation size increases sublimity more than beauty (Study 1) and that this is mainly driven by the effects of visual angle (Study 3). While increasing presentation height affects both sublimity and beauty positively and in similar degrees (Study 1), the presence of color (vs. black and white [monochrome]) is predominantly related to judgments of beauty (Study 2). Brightness and contrast levels affected neither sublimity nor beauty (Study 3). An important methodological point is that all inferential statistics use linear mixed models, which treat both participants and stimuli as random effects. In addition, each participant receives different random subsets of stimuli, increasing the size of the stimulus set. Overall, the analyses incorporate 233 photographs and 245 participants in total, which allows the generalizability of findings. Sublimity and beauty respond differentially to different presentational cues, which demonstrates the importance of simultaneously considering sublimity and beauty in empirical studies on aesthetic judgments
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