Multiple Target, Multiple Type Filtering in the RFS Framework

A Multiple Target, Multiple Type Filtering (MTMTF) algorithm is developed using Random Finite Set (RFS) theory. First, we extend the standard Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter for multiple types of targets, each with distinct detection properties, to develop a multiple target, multiple type filtering, N-type PHD filter, where $N\geq2$, for handling confusions among target types. In this approach, we assume that there will be confusions between detections, i.e. clutter arises not just from background false positives, but also from target confusions. Then, under the assumptions of Gaussianity and linearity, we extend the Gaussian mixture (GM) implementation of the standard PHD filter for the proposed N-type PHD filter termed the N-type GM-PHD filter. Furthermore, we analyze the results from simulations to track sixteen targets of four different types using a four-type (quad) GM-PHD filter as a typical example and compare it with four independent GM-PHD filters using the Optimal Subpattern Assignment (OSPA) metric. This shows the improved performance of our strategy that accounts for target confusions by efficiently discriminating them

Joint Person Identity, Gender and Age Estimation from Hand Images using Deep Multi-Task Representation Learning

In this paper, we propose a multi-task representation learning framework to jointly estimate the identity, gender and age of individuals from their hand images for the purpose of criminal investigations since the hand images are often the only available information in cases of serious crime such as sexual abuse. We investigate different up-to-date deep learning architectures and compare their performance for joint estimation of identity, gender and age from hand images of perpetrators of serious crime. To overcome the data imbalance and simplify the age prediction, we create age groups for the age estimation. We make extensive evaluations and comparisons of both convolution-based and transformer-based deep learning architectures on a publicly available 11k hands dataset. Our experimental analysis shows that it is possible to efficiently estimate not only identity but also other attributes such as gender and age of suspects jointly from hand images for criminal investigations, which is crucial in assisting international police forces in the court to identify and convict abusers.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2209.0482

The Welfare Costs of Unreliable Water Service

Throughout the developing world, many water distribution systems are unreliable. As a result, it becomes necessary for each household to store its own water as a hedge against this uncertainty. Since arrivals of water are not synchronized across households, serious distributional inefficiencies arise. We develop a model describing the optimal intertemporal depletion of each household’s private water storage when it is uncertain when water will next arrive to replenish supplies. The model is calibrated using survey data from Mexico City, a city where many households store water in sealed rooftop tanks known as tinacos. The calibrated model is used to evaluate the potential welfare gains that would occur if alternative modes of water provision were implemented. We estimate that most of the potential distributional inefficiencies can be eliminated simply by making the frequency of deliveries the same across households which now face haphazard deliveries. This would require neither costly investments in infrastructure nor price increases.Water Supply Uncertainty, Water Storage, Distributional Inefficiency

The Anti-Corruption Education on the Basis of Religion and National Culture

AbstractActs of corruption have harmed many people and even tortured themselves. Corruption precaution through education way is considered not effective and encouraging since it could not eradicate corruption act which was committed by each layer of society even from educated to regular people. Moreover, it is not sufficient enough vanished with the law approach and enforcement. This study is empirical qualitative research conducted through a literature review and social reconstruction approach. Specifically, the study explains how the concept of visible anti-corruption character education on religious and national culture-based utilized as a strategic step to instill anti-corruption education among students. The results revealed that the embedding and developing students must be built upon faith and piety to Allah SWT, the optimal noble character, and being settled to the family environment. The learning concept of this notion is varied and arranged systematically, comprehensively, and proportionally according to the percentage of proposed effectiveness.Keywords: Anti-Corruption Education, Religion & National Culture AbstrakPerbuatan korupsi telah merugikan banyak kalangan dan menyengsarakan diri sendiri. Pencegahan korupsi melalui jalur pendidikan dinilai belum efektif dan menggembirakan, karena belum dapat memberantas korupsi yang dilakukan oleh lapisan masyarakat, bahkan kalangan terpelajar sampai keakar-akarnya. Pemberantasan korupsi ternyata tidak cukup pula dengan pendekatan dan penegakan hukum. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kualitatif empiris dengan pendekatan telaah literatur dan rekonstruksi sosial. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana konsep pendidikan karakter antikorupsi berbasis agama dan budaya bangsa yang visibel, sebagai langkah strategis untuk menanamkan pendidikan antikorupsi di kalangan pelajar. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan, bahwa penanaman dan pengembangan peserta didik harus berlandaskan keimanan dan ketakwaan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berkarakter (berakhlak mulia) secara optimal, dan telah ditanamkan lebih dahulu dalam lingkungan keluarga. Konsep pembelajarannya variatif dan disusun secara sistematis, komprehensif dan proporsional sesuai persentase efektifitas yang akan dicapai.Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Anti Korupsi, Agama & Budaya Bangsa АннотацияКоррупция нанесла вред многим людям. Предотвращение коррупции с помощью образования считается неэффективным и безнадежным, поскольку оно не смогло искоренить коррупцию, которая привержена обществом к своим корням. Оказывается, одного подхода и правоохранительных органов недостаточно для искоренения коррупции. Эта работа представляет собой качественно-эмпирическое исследование с подходом обзора литературы и социальной реконструкции. Это исследование объясняет, каким образом концепция антикоррупционного воспитания, основанная на религии и видимой национальной культуре, воспринимается как стратегический шаг к воспитанию антикоррупционного образования среди учащихся. Результаты исследования объяснили, что совершенствование и развитие учащихся должны основываться на вере и преданности Всемогущему Богу, оптимально быть человеком с характером (благородный характер) и в первую очередь внедряться в семейную среду. Концепция обучения разнообразна и организована систематически, всесторонне и пропорционально в зависимости от процента эффективности, который должен быть достигнут.Ключевые Слова: Антикоррупционное Образование, Религия и Национальная Культура

Clustering verbal Objects: Manual and Automatic Procedures Compared

As highlighted by Pustejovsky (1995, 2002), the semantics of each verb is determined by the totality of its complementation patterns. Arguments play in fact a fundamental role in verb meaning and verbal polysemy, thanks to the sense co-composition principle between verb and argument. For this reason, clustering of lexical items filling the Object slot of a verb is believed to bring to surface relevant information about verbal meaning and the verb-Objects relation. The paper presents the results of an experiment comparing the automatic clustering of direct Objects operated by the agglomerative hierarchical algorithm of the Sketch Engine corpus tool with the manual clustering of direct Objects carried out in the T-PAS resource. Cluster analysis is here used to improve the semantic quality of automatic clusters against expert human intuition and as an investigation tool of phenomena intrinsic to semantic selection of verbs and the construction of verb senses in context

Linking Verb Pattern Dictionaries of English and Spanish

The paper presents the first step in the creation of a new multilingual and corpus-driven lexical resource by means of linking existing monolingual pattern dictionaries of English and Spanish verbs. The two dictionaries were compiled through Corpus Pattern Analysis (CPA) – an empirical procedure in corpus linguistics that associates word meaning with word use by means of analysis of phraseological patterns and collocations found in corpus data. This paper provides a first look into a number of practical issues arising from the task of linking corresponding patterns across languages via both manual and automatic procedures. In order to facilitate manual pattern linking, we implemented a heuristic-based algorithm to generate automatic suggestions for candidate verb pattern pairs, which obtained 80% precision. Our goal is to kick-start the development of a new resource for verbs that can be used by language learners, translators, editors and the research community alike