Biharmonic Riemannian submersions from 3-manifolds

An important theorem about biharmonic submanifolds proved independently by Chen-Ishikawa [CI] and Jiang [Ji] states that an isometric immersion of a surface into 3-dimensional Euclidean space is biharmonic if and only if it is harmonic (i.e, minimal). In a later paper [CMO2], Cadeo-Monttaldo-Oniciuc shown that the theorem remains true if the target Euclidean space is replaced by a 3-dimensional hyperbolic space form. In this paper, we prove the dual results for Riemannian submersions, i.e., a Riemannian submersion from a 3-dimensional space form of non-positive curvature into a surface is biharmonic if and only if it is harmonic

Indium diffusion in the chemical potential gradient at an In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As interface

We have measured the distribution of group III metals at In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As interfaces before and after annealing at 1085 K. We find little evidence for Al interdiffusion, but the Ga concentration profiles show some broadening on annealing. Also, the originally nearly constant In profiles develop strong modulations with near discontinuities at the original interfaces. This phenomenon is explained and modeled in terms of In diffusion in the chemical potential gradient established by the disparity of the Al and Ga mobilities and the requirement of III‐V stoichiometry in the alloys.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70043/2/APPLAB-52-24-2055-1.pd

A characterization of Dirac morphisms

Relating the Dirac operators on the total space and on the base manifold of a horizontally conformal submersion, we characterize Dirac morphisms, i.e. maps which pull back (local) harmonic spinor fields onto (local) harmonic spinor fields.Comment: 18 pages; restricted to the even-dimensional cas

Sensitivity of terrestrial precipitation trends to the structural evolution of sea surface temperatures

Pronounced intermodel differences in the projected response of land surface precipitation (LSP) to future anthropogenic forcing remain in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 model integrations. A large fraction of the intermodel spread in projected LSP trends is demonstrated here to be associated with systematic differences in simulated sea surface temperature (SST) trends, especially the representation of changes in (i) the interhemispheric SST gradient and (ii) the tropical Pacific SSTs. By contrast, intermodel differences in global mean SST, representative of differing global climate sensitivities, exert limited systematic influence on LSP patterns. These results highlight the importance to regional terrestrial precipitation changes of properly simulating the spatial distribution of large-scale, remote changes as reflected in the SST response to increasing greenhouse gases. Moreover, they provide guidance regarding which region-specific precipitation projections may be potentially better constrained for use in climate change impact assessments

Towards the “ultimate earthquake-proof” building: Development of an integrated low-damage system

The 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence has highlighted the severe mismatch between societal expectations over the reality of seismic performance of modern buildings. A paradigm shift in performance-based design criteria and objectives towards damage-control or low-damage design philosophy and technologies is urgently required. The increased awareness by the general public, tenants, building owners, territorial authorities as well as (re)insurers, of the severe socio-economic impacts of moderate-strong earthquakes in terms of damage/dollars/ downtime, has indeed stimulated and facilitated the wider acceptance and implementation of cost-efficient damage-control (or low-damage) technologies. The ‘bar’ has been raised significantly with the request to fast-track the development of what the wider general public would hope, and somehow expect, to live in, i.e. an “earthquake-proof” building system, capable of sustaining the shaking of a severe earthquake basically unscathed. The paper provides an overview of recent advances through extensive research, carried out at the University of Canterbury in the past decade towards the development of a low-damage building system as a whole, within an integrated performance-based framework, including the skeleton of the superstructure, the non-structural components and the interaction with the soil/foundation system. Examples of real on site-applications of such technology in New Zealand, using concrete, timber (engineered wood), steel or a combination of these materials, and featuring some of the latest innovative technical solutions developed in the laboratory are presented as examples of successful transfer of performance-based seismic design approach and advanced technology from theory to practice

Impurity‐induced layer disordering of In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As heterostructures

Impurity‐induced layer disordering of In0.53 Ga0.47 As/In0.52 Al0.48 As heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy has been observed by Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiling. We find that Si+ ion implantation to concentrations greater than 2×1019 atoms cm−3 enhances the intermixing of Ga and Al in these heterostructures at an annealing temperature of 1075 K. However, the relatively high temperature which is required to activate the interdiffusion of Ga and Al in the region of high Si concentration is sufficient to induce In diffusion in regions of lower Si concentration. Zinc diffusion is found to completely intermix the Ga and Al in the heterolayers at temperatures as low as 825 K, which is below the temperature at which significant In diffusion occurs in undoped regions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70858/2/APPLAB-53-23-2302-1.pd

Improving the safety and experience of transitions from hospital to home: a cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial of the ’Your Care Needs You’ intervention versus usual care

Background: The ‘Your Care Needs You’ (YCNY) intervention aims to increase the safety and experience of transitions for older people through greater patient involvement during the hospital stay. Methods: A cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial was conducted on NHS inpatient wards (clusters) where ≥ 40% of patients were routinely ≥ 75 years. Wards were randomised to YCNY or usual care using an unequal allocation ratio (3:2). We aimed to recruit up to 20 patients per ward. Follow-up included routine data collection and questionnaires at 5-, 30-, and 90-days post-discharge. Eligible patients were ≥ 75 years, discharged home, stayed overnight on participating wards, and could read and understand English. The trial assessed the feasibility of delivering YCNY and the trial methodology through recruitment rates, outcome completion rates, and a qualitative evaluation. The accuracy of using routinely coded data for the primary outcome in the defnitive trial was assessed by extracting discharge information for up to ten nonindividual consenting patients per ward. Results: Ten wards were randomised (6 intervention, 4 control). One ward withdrew, and two wards were unable to deliver the intervention. Seven-hundred twenty-one patients were successfully screened, and 161 were recruited (95 intervention, 66 control). The patient post-discharge attrition rate was 17.4% (n = 28). Primary outcome data were gathered for 91.9% of participants with 75.2% and 59.0% providing secondary outcome data at 5 and 30 days post-discharge respectively. Item completion within questionnaires was generally high. Post-discharge follow-up was terminated early due to the COVID-19 pandemic afecting 90-day response rates (16.8%). Data from 88 nonindividual consenting patients identifed an error rate of 15% when using routinely coded data for the primary outcome. No unexpected serious adverse events were identifed