The characteristics of retail wastes in the city of Yenagoa, Nigeria

&lt;p class="EbiBody"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wastes management is a clear strategy where wastes are channelled through processes that ensures proper storage, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of wastes with ample consideration for environmental protection and public health. In Yenagoa where the current study was conducted, the lack of proper wastes management structure is apparent, particularly among retailers where samples were drawn from for the study. Little is known on the volume and characteristics of wastes produced by the retail sector in the city, like many other Nigerian cities.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="EbiBody"&gt;The study employed a mixed method approach using closed and open-ended questionnaires in collecting data. In all about 900 questionnaires were collected and analysed for the study. Knowing that no proper waste management plan can be developed until the current practice, sources, components and volume of waste has been well understood. The use of qualitative methods in this paper helps to better understand and gather data on areas of interest. A multi stage cluster sampling technique was employed due to the unavailability of an up-to-date sampling frame in the area.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="EbiBody"&gt;The findings from the study show that wastes materials produced by retailers in Yenagoa are mainly wastes paper, tins, cans, plastics, cardboard, furniture, wood products and possibly WEEE. However, plastics and cardboard materials were the dominant wastes materials produced by the retail sector. The study therefore concludes that there is a need to establish a wastes processing facility in Yenagoa with heavy emphasis on recycling.&lt;/p&gt;</jats:p

The concept of waste and waste management

&lt;p&gt;Several studies and researches have been conducted on the sources and characteristics of wastes as well as the possible adverse effect of inappropriate handling and best international practices. One thing that is still not clear however is what exactly constitutes a waste? How much do we know about what should be classed as waste? What are the historical contexts of waste managements? The present paper seeks to examine these vital questions with a view to providing answers from previous studies. The paper employed a desktop approach to provide answers to the research objectives. Specifically, the paper uses a descriptive approach to gather information from peer reviewed publications such as, journal articles, environmental organizations reports and books. It was found that, waste is to a large extent subjective in meaning as a substance can only be regarded as a waste when the owner labels it as such. This is particularly true because one individual may regard a substance as a waste, while another may view the same substance as a resource. Nevertheless, it was argued that there is a need to clearly define what constitute wastes as this form the basis for regulation. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</jats:p

Program: Featured Lecture, I Believe. Help My Unbelief!

Program for the Nineteenth Annual William M. Green Distinguished Christian Lecture Program with featured lecturer Dr. Jim Baird, Professor of Bible, Oklahoma Christian University

Black Employment Opportunities: The Role of Immigrant Job Concentrations

Recent, post-1980, immigration patterns have had a dramatic effect on U.S. labor markets, leading to considerable debate about the impact of immigration on native-born black workers. This research examines immigrant and black labor markets, across metropolitan areas, using Public Use Microdata and Summary File data from Census 2000 to generate low, mid, and high classifications of immigrant and black occupations based on socio-economic index (SEI). Multivariate findings indicate that the effect of recent immigration on black labor market outcomes differs by occupational level. Competition for low-skilled jobs is identified for native-born blacks in low-level jobs while a “bump-up” effect is identified for blacks in mid-level jobs. For example, production occupations with low language and skill requirements are shown to be contested among the groups. On the other hand, service and administrative functions emerge as bump-up mechanisms that create opportunity for black workers who amass the human capital required of these occupations. Thus, the ramifications of immigration for native-born blacks are shown to be quite different for low- and mid-SEI jobs

Patterns of Interstate Migration in the Mid-2000s: Are Racial Groups Moving in Different Directions?

Patterns of U.S. Interstate Migration in the Mid-2000s: Are Racial Groups Moving in Different Directions? Abstract This research examines interstate in-movement, out-movement, and resulting patterns of net internal migration of Blacks, Asians, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Whites in the United States, using data from the 2005-2007 American Community Survey. One goal is to learn how similar or dissimilar members of these four broad racial categories are in entering and exiting different U.S. states, and thereby to contribute to ongoing research on differential spatial relocation of racial groups (e.g., are these groups moving to different sets of states?). A second goal is to learn how Black, Asian, Hispanic, and White net internal migration levels correlate with economic, demographic, and social characteristics of the states. Results show that similarities in patterns of Black, Asian, Hispanic, and White in-, out-, and net migration overshadow differences. For each race the states with high (or low) numbers and rates of in- and out-movement are largely the same. White and Hispanic interstate mobility patterns show the greatest similarity, Black and Asian the least. Moreover, these racial categories resemble each other in how their net internal migration correlates with economic and social characteristics of U.S. states. Results also suggest regional variation: in the South, states with economic and social characteristics indicative of higher “development” have higher net internal migration for all races, but in the North those states with higher development characteristics have lower (often negative) net internal migration

Civic Works, Inc. The Environmental and PAL After School Mentoring Teams - Final Evaluation Report

Civic Works is a youth service corps program based in Baltimore, Maryland. The program operates a number of activities in which teams of corps members perform community service work in urban neighborhoods. Several of its teams are funded by AmeriCorps. Civic Works commissioned Innovation Network, Inc. (InnoNet) to design and conduct participatory assessment activities with two of its AmeriCorps service teams: the Environmental Team and PAL After School Mentoring Team