A Study on Issues and Challenges of Women Empowerment in India

This paper attempts to analyze the status of Women Empowerment in India and highlights the Issues and Challenges of Women Empowerment. Today the empowerment of women has become one of the most important concerns of 21st century. But practically women empowerment is still an illusion of reality. We observe in our day to day life how women become victimized by various social evils. Women Empowerment is the vital instrument to expand women’s ability to have resources and to make strategic life choices. Empowerment of women is essentially the process of upliftment of economic, social and political status of women, the traditionally underprivileged ones, in the society. It is the process of guarding them against all forms of violence. The study is based on purely from secondary sources. The study reveals that women of India are relatively disempowered and they enjoy somewhat lower status than that of men in spite of many efforts undertaken by Government. It is found that acceptance of unequal gender norms by women are still prevailing in the society. The study concludes by an observation that access to Education, Employment and Change in Social Structure are only the enabling factors to Women Empowerment

Consumer Behaviour towards Mobile Tele Services: A Case Study

Consumer behavior is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. An attempt is made here to elicit the views of the respondents on the consumer behavior towards mobile Tele services in Visakhapatnam city under the study. On the basis of results, it is suggested that product quality from the marketer’s perspective is associated with communication, price, feature, function, or performance of a product

A Study on the Efficacy of the Public Distribution System in India

Public Distribution System in India has been one of the most crucial elements in food policy and food security system in the country and with special emphasis to the functioning of public sector agricultural warehousing agencies such as Food Corporation of India (FCI) and Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC), engaged in the procurement, transportation, storage and distribution of food grains, It is the largest distribution network of its kind in the world. It emerged out as rationing measure in the backdrop of Bengal food crisis as well as a war-time measure during Second World War. It evolved in 1950s and 1960s as mechanism for providing price support to producers and food subsidy for consumers. Over the years it has expanded enormously as poverty alleviation and food security measure to become a permanent feature of Indian Economy. The present paper discusses the present scenario of Public distribution system in India across states. It throws light on the working of PDS and some policy measures for its better working

Amebic Liver Abscess With Intra-Biliary Rupture

The case of a large amebic liver abscess with an atypical presentation is reported. High output bile drainage persisted after ultrasound guided percutaneous catheter drainage because of a preexisting communication of the abscess with the right hepatic ductal system. The abscess was managed successfully by surgical evacuation and internal drainage into a defunctioned jejunal loop

Percutaneous angio-embolization of a post laparoscopy complex utero-adenexal vascular malformation

Vascular abnormalities are uncommon causes of uterine bleeding. Laparoscopic surgeries, however, require expertise and improper techniques can lead to major vascular complications. We report an unusual case of utero-adenexal arterio- venous fistula with arterio - venous malformation due to pelvic trauma caused during laparoscopic sterilisation procedure, which was treated by percutaneous embolisation technique. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of such a complex vascular injury caused by laparoscopic sterilisation and its endovascular managemen

Percutaneous angio-embolization of a post laparoscopy complex utero-adenexal vascular malformation

Vascular abnormalities are uncommon causes of uterine bleeding. Laparoscopic surgeries, however, require expertise and improper techniques can lead to major vascular complications. We report an unusual case of utero-adenexal arterio- venous fistula with arterio - venous malformation due to pelvic trauma caused during laparoscopic sterilisation procedure, which was treated by percutaneous embolisation technique. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of such a complex vascular injury caused by laparoscopic sterilisation and its endovascular management

Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis and Budd-Chiari syndrome due to paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria managed with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a case report

Background: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), caused by somatic mutation of hematopoietic cells, is associated with complement-mediated hemolysis and a hypercoagulable state. Thrombotic complications in this disease are associated with reduced survival. We report a patient with PNH complicated by intracranial venous thrombosis and Budd-Chiari syndrome, who was managed with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Case Presentation: A 26-year-old man presented with thrombosis of the superior sagittal and right sigmoid sinuses. Initial investigations did not reveal any underlying cause. Nine months later, he developed hepatic venous thrombosis. At this time, Ham test was positive. Flow cytometry confirmed the diagnosis of PNH. The patient was treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; one episode of stent blockage one month later was managed successfully with balloon dilatation and restenting. Conclusion: PNH should be considered in patients with unexplained venous thrombosis. Thrombosis in these patients needs to be managed with prolonged anticoagulation. For Budd-Chiari syndrome in patients with underlying PNH, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt may be a good option but caution is needed to prevent stent occlusion

Evaluation of antigen detection and polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess in patients on anti-amoebic treatment

Abstract Background Diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess (ALA) in patients on anti-amoebic drugs is difficult. There is scanty data on this issue using Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) lectin antigen and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We studied utility of lectin antigen, PCR, and IgG antibody in diagnosis of liver abscess in patients on anti-amoebic treatment. Liver aspirate of 200 patients, of which 170 had anti-amoebic drug prior to drainage, was tested for E. histolytica lectin antigen by (ELISA), PCR, bacterial culture, and serum IgG antibody by (ELISA). Classification of abscesses was based on result of anti-amoebic IgG antibody and bacterial culture, E. histolytica PCR and bacterial culture, and E. histolytica lectin antigen and bacterial culture. Findings Using anti-amoebic IgG antibody and bacterial culture, 136/200 (68.0%) were classified as ALA, 12/200 (6.0%) as pyogenic liver abscess (PLA), 29/200 (14.5%) as mixed infection, and 23/200 (11.5%) remained unclassified. Using amoebic PCR and bacterial culture 151/200 (75.5%) were classified as ALA, 25/200 (12.5%) as PLA, 16/200 (8.0%) as mixed infection, and 8/200 (4.0%) remained unclassified. With E. histolytica lectin antigen and bacterial culture, 22/200 (11.0%) patients were classified as ALA, 39/200 (19.5%) as PLA, 2/200 (1.0%) as mixed infection, and 137/200 (68.5%) remained unclassified. Conclusions E. histolytica lectin antigen was not suitable for classification of ALA patients who had prior anti-amoebic treatment. However, PCR may be used as alternative test to anti-amoebic antibody in diagnosis of ALA.</p