5,033 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Overcoming myelosuppression due to synthetic lethal toxicity for FLT3-targeted acute myeloid leukemia therapy.
Activating mutations in FLT3 confer poor prognosis for individuals with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clinically active investigational FLT3 inhibitors can achieve complete remissions but their utility has been hampered by acquired resistance and myelosuppression attributed to a 'synthetic lethal toxicity' arising from simultaneous inhibition of FLT3 and KIT. We report a novel chemical strategy for selective FLT3 inhibition while avoiding KIT inhibition with the staurosporine analog, Star 27. Star 27 maintains potency against FLT3 in proliferation assays of FLT3-transformed cells compared with KIT-transformed cells, shows no toxicity towards normal human hematopoiesis at concentrations that inhibit primary FLT3-mutant AML blast growth, and is active against mutations that confer resistance to clinical inhibitors. As a more complete understanding of kinase networks emerges, it may be possible to define anti-targets such as KIT in the case of AML to allow improved kinase inhibitor design of clinical agents with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity
Performance-Based Plastic Design Method for Steel Concentrically Braced Frames Using Target Drift and Yield Mechanism
Under severe earthquakes, steel concentrically braced frames (SCBFs) will experience large inelastic deformations in an uncontrolled manner. According to the energy-work balance concept, a performance-based plastic design (PBPD) methodology for steel concentrically braced frames was presented here. This method uses pre-selected target drift and yield mechanism as key performance limit states. The designed base shear for selected hazard levels was derived based on work-energy balance equations. Plastic design was performed to design bracing members and connection nodes in order to achieve the expected yield mechanism and behavior. The method has been successively applied to design a six-storey steel concentrically braced frame. Results of inelastic dynamic analyses showed that the story drifts were well within the target values, thus to meet the desired performance requirements. The proposed method provided a basis for performance-based plastic design of steel concentrically braced frames
A Survey of Explainable Knowledge Tracing
With the long term accumulation of high quality educational data, artificial
intelligence has shown excellent performance in knowledge tracing. However, due
to the lack of interpretability and transparency of some algorithms, this
approach will result in reduced stakeholder trust and a decreased acceptance of
intelligent decisions. Therefore, algorithms need to achieve high accuracy, and
users need to understand the internal operating mechanism and provide reliable
explanations for decisions. This paper thoroughly analyzes the interpretability
of KT algorithms. First, the concepts and common methods of explainable
artificial intelligence and knowledge tracing are introduced. Next, explainable
knowledge tracing models are classified into two categories: transparent models
and black box models. Then, the interpretable methods used are reviewed from
three stages: ante hoc interpretable methods, post hoc interpretable methods,
and other dimensions. It is worth noting that current evaluation methods for
explainable knowledge tracing are lacking. Hence, contrast and deletion
experiments are conducted to explain the prediction results of the deep
knowledge tracing model on the ASSISTment2009 by using three XAI methods.
Moreover, this paper offers some insights into evaluation methods from the
perspective of educational stakeholders. This paper provides a detailed and
comprehensive review of the research on explainable knowledge tracing, aiming
to offer some basis and inspiration for researchers interested in the
interpretability of knowledge tracing
Anomaly Detection by Adapting a pre-trained Vision Language Model
Recently, large vision and language models have shown their success when
adapting them to many downstream tasks. In this paper, we present a unified
framework named CLIP-ADA for Anomaly Detection by Adapting a pre-trained CLIP
model. To this end, we make two important improvements: 1) To acquire unified
anomaly detection across industrial images of multiple categories, we introduce
the learnable prompt and propose to associate it with abnormal patterns through
self-supervised learning. 2) To fully exploit the representation power of CLIP,
we introduce an anomaly region refinement strategy to refine the localization
quality. During testing, the anomalies are localized by directly calculating
the similarity between the representation of the learnable prompt and the
image. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our framework,
e.g., we achieve the state-of-the-art 97.5/55.6 and 89.3/33.1 on MVTec-AD and
VisA for anomaly detection and localization. In addition, the proposed method
also achieves encouraging performance with marginal training data, which is
more challenging
Overcoming myelosuppression due to synthetic lethal toxicity for FLT3-targeted acute myeloid leukemia therapy
Activating mutations in FLT3 confer poor prognosis for individuals with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clinically active investigational FLT3 inhibitors can achieve complete remissions but their utility has been hampered by acquired resistance and myelosuppression attributed to a 'synthetic lethal toxicity' arising from simultaneous inhibition of FLT3 and KIT. We report a novel chemical strategy for selective FLT3 inhibition while avoiding KIT inhibition with the staurosporine analog, Star 27. Star 27 maintains potency against FLT3 in proliferation assays of FLT3-transformed cells compared with KIT-transformed cells, shows no toxicity towards normal human hematopoiesis at concentrations that inhibit primary FLT3-mutant AML blast growth, and is active against mutations that confer resistance to clinical inhibitors. As a more complete understanding of kinase networks emerges, it may be possible to define anti-targets such as KIT in the case of AML to allow improved kinase inhibitor design of clinical agents with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.published_or_final_versio
AT: Alignment-Aware Acoustic and Text Pretraining for Speech Synthesis and Editing
Recently, speech representation learning has improved many speech-related
tasks such as speech recognition, speech classification, and speech-to-text
translation. However, all the above tasks are in the direction of speech
understanding, but for the inverse direction, speech synthesis, the potential
of representation learning is yet to be realized, due to the challenging nature
of generating high-quality speech. To address this problem, we propose our
framework, Alignment-Aware Acoustic-Text Pretraining (AT), which
reconstructs masked acoustic signals with text input and acoustic-text
alignment during training. In this way, the pretrained model can generate high
quality of reconstructed spectrogram, which can be applied to the speech
editing and unseen speaker TTS directly. Experiments show AT outperforms
SOTA models on speech editing, and improves multi-speaker speech synthesis
without the external speaker verification model.Comment: under review, 12 pages, 10 figure
Experimental investigation of peening cylindrical workpieces utilizing a transducer with ring sonotrode
In industrial applications, the shafting components with high stress are easily damaged due to cyclic loads if there is no surface treatment. With the use of ultrasonic cavitation peening, the residual compressive stress and the surface hardness of these components can be improved. While tradi-tional longitudinal vibration transducers are used to treat cylindrical workpieces, the treated areas are limited, and the treatment period is relatively long. To solve these problems, we designed a novel configuration of the piezoelectric transducer as a type of the combination of rod and ring. During ultrasonic cavitation peening, we placed the cylindrical workpieces in the ring tool to improve the limitation. However, the treated surface properties were largely influenced by the input parameters (driving voltage and rod diameters). In this investigation, the cylindrical workpieces, which were covered with aluminum foils, were first treated by ultrasonic cavitation peening to detect the intensity and distribution of the cavitation bubbles on the treated surface. Then, the sonochemiluminescence method was utilized as an additional way to find the optimal operation parameters (190 V and 16 mm). Finally, the ultrasonic cavitation process was conducted with the optimal parameters. The treatment results showed that the surface hardness increased by about 36% without significant increase of the surface roughness. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
FairBench: A Four-Stage Automatic Framework for Detecting Stereotypes and Biases in Large Language Models
Detecting stereotypes and biases in Large Language Models (LLMs) can enhance
fairness and reduce adverse impacts on individuals or groups when these LLMs
are applied. However, the majority of existing methods focus on measuring the
model's preference towards sentences containing biases and stereotypes within
datasets, which lacks interpretability and cannot detect implicit biases and
stereotypes in the real world. To address this gap, this paper introduces a
four-stage framework to directly evaluate stereotypes and biases in the
generated content of LLMs, including direct inquiry testing, serial or adapted
story testing, implicit association testing, and unknown situation testing.
Additionally, the paper proposes multi-dimensional evaluation metrics and
explainable zero-shot prompts for automated evaluation. Using the education
sector as a case study, we constructed the Edu-FairBench based on the
four-stage framework, which encompasses 12,632 open-ended questions covering
nine sensitive factors and 26 educational scenarios. Experimental results
reveal varying degrees of stereotypes and biases in five LLMs evaluated on
Edu-FairBench. Moreover, the results of our proposed automated evaluation
method have shown a high correlation with human annotations
LATFormer: Locality-Aware Point-View Fusion Transformer for 3D Shape Recognition
Recently, 3D shape understanding has achieved significant progress due to the
advances of deep learning models on various data formats like images, voxels,
and point clouds. Among them, point clouds and multi-view images are two
complementary modalities of 3D objects and learning representations by fusing
both of them has been proven to be fairly effective. While prior works
typically focus on exploiting global features of the two modalities, herein we
argue that more discriminative features can be derived by modeling ``where to
fuse''. To investigate this, we propose a novel Locality-Aware Point-View
Fusion Transformer (LATFormer) for 3D shape retrieval and classification. The
core component of LATFormer is a module named Locality-Aware Fusion (LAF) which
integrates the local features of correlated regions across the two modalities
based on the co-occurrence scores. We further propose to filter out scores with
low values to obtain salient local co-occurring regions, which reduces
redundancy for the fusion process. In our LATFormer, we utilize the LAF module
to fuse the multi-scale features of the two modalities both bidirectionally and
hierarchically to obtain more informative features. Comprehensive experiments
on four popular 3D shape benchmarks covering 3D object retrieval and
classification validate its effectiveness
- …