Sindrom sagorevanja radnika zaposlenih u Gradskom zavodu za hitnu medicinsku pomoć

Introduction/Objective. The phenomenon of 'burnout at work' is a psychological syndrome that leads to emotional exhaustion (physical and psychological), dehumanization of relationships with others and feelings of professional incompetence in professionally demanding situations. Consequently, this syndrome diminishes professional commitment, especially those who provide services to others, such as health workers, police officers, journalists, judges, professors, managers, etc. In recent decades, the scientific community is genuinely interested in studying professional stress and consequences associated with performing various activities, especially in the fields of health care, education and public administration. According to the results of these surveys, between 20-30%, and in some research and many more doctors, professors and workers in social activities, showed a significant presence of certain symptoms of combustion syndrome. Method. The study was conducted in the Municipal institution for emergency medical aid in Belgrade in Jun 2017 and included 70 respondents (35 men and 35 women) aged 22-62, who performed the duties of managers, doctors, medical technicians, Dispatcher, operator, administration and driver. Results. The results of the research on stress exposure show that 44.3% of the respondents of this healthcare institution are exposed to a high level of stress. The results of the combustion show that 20% of the respondents in the first degree of combustion, which is designated as a risky phase, that as much as 45.7% of the respondents in the second degree of combustion, which is designated as a candidate for combustion, and that 17.1% of the respondents in the third pretend Phase, which is designated as a combustion phase. Observing the vulnerability of individual groups of respondents, the results show that the dispatchers and managers of this healthcare institution are most exposed to stress, followed by doctors and field medical technicians, operators, operators and eventually drivers. In terms of combustion syndrome, dispatchers, doctors and medical technicians in the field are the most vulnerable, then operators, administrators and managers are equally at risk, while drivers are at least at risk. It is also important to point out that medical field technicians, dispatchers and operators have shown the greatest presence of certain symptoms of combustion syndrome. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, the existence of a combustion syndrome can be noted in a significant number of employees of the Municipal institution for emergency medical aid (83%), who have noted the presence of some of the symptoms of combustion syndrome. The results also indicate that the youngest respondents are less exposed to stress, that is, in certain groups of subjects such as drivers, significantly less presence of combustion symptoms was observed, while in field medical field technicians, which in a sample are also part of the younger group of subjects, that even 50% of them are in the third stage, which is designated as a combustion phase.Uvod/cilj. Fenomen 'sagorevanja na poslu' je psihološki sindrom koji dovodi do emocionalne iscrpljenosti (fizička i psihička), dehumanizacije odnosa sa drugima i osećaja profesionalne nekompetentnosti u profesionalno zahtevnim situacijama. Posledično, ovaj sindrom umanjuje profesionalnu posvećenost, posebno onih koji svoje usluge pružaju drugima, kao što su zdravstveni radnici, policijski službenici, novinari, sudije, profesori, menadžeri itd. Poslednjih decenija naučna javnost je istinski zainteresovana za izučavanje profesionalnog stresa i posledica povezanih sa obavljanjem raznih delatnosti, posebno u oblasti zdravstvene zaštite, edukacije i javne administracije. Prema rezultatima tih istraživanja između 20-30%, a u pojedinim istraživanjima i mnogo više lekara, profesora i radnika u društvenim delatnostima, je pokazalo značajno prisustvo pojedinih simptoma sindroma sagorevanja. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u Gradskom zavodu za hitnu medicinsku pomoć (GZZHMP) u Beogradu, u junu 2017. godine i obuhvatalo je 70 ispitanika (35 muškaraca i 35 žena), starosti od 22-62 godine, koji su obavljali poslove rukovodioca, lekara, medicinskih tehničara, dispečera, operatera, administracije i vozača. Rezultati. Rezultati istraživanja u vezi izloženosti stresu pokazuju, da je 44.3% ispitanika ove zdravsteve ustanove izloženo visokom nivou stresa. Rezultati u vezi sagorevanja pokazuju, da je 20% ispitanika u prvom stepenu sagorevanja, koje se označava kao rizična faza, da je čak 45.7% ispitanika u drugom stepenu izgaranja, koje se označava kao kandidat za sagorevanje i da je 17.1% ispitanika u trećoj pretposlednjoj fazi, koja se označava kao faza sagorevanja. Posmatrajući ugroženost pojedinačnih grupa ispitanika, rezultati pokazuju da su dispečeri i rukovodioci ove zdravstvene ustanove najviše izloženi stresu, zatim slede lekari i medicinski tehničari na terenu, administracija, operateri i na kraju vozači. U pogledu sindroma sagorevanja, najugroženiji su dispečeri, lekari i medicinski tehničari na terenu, zatim podjednako operateri, administracija i rukovodioci, dok su vozači najmanje ugroženi. Takođe je značajno istaći da su medicinski tehničari na terenu, dispečeri i operateri, pokazali najveće prisustvo pojedinih simptoma sindroma sagorevanja. Zaključak. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja može se konstatovati postojanje sindroma izgaranja kod značajnog broja radnika GZZHMP (83%), kod kojih je konstatovano prisustvo nekih od simptoma sindroma sagorevanja. Rezultati takođe ukazuju da su najmlađi ispitanici manje izloženi stresu, odnosno da je kod pojedinih grupa ispitanika kao što su vozači, uočeno značajno manje prisustvo simptoma sagorevanja, dok je kod medicinskih tehničara na terenu, koji takođe u uvom uzorku spadaju u mlađu grupu ispitanika, uočeno, da se čak 50% njih nalazi u trećoj fazi, koja se označava kao faza sagorevanja

Detektovanje laganja na osnovu posmatranja neverbalnog ponašanja

The study was conducted on a sample of 90 students of Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies in Zemun, Serbia. The sample was divided into two subsamples. The first one comprised ten junior students (6 men and 4 women). Five of them were asked to present true statements, while the other five were asked to deliver false statements. All the statements were filmed and presented to the second group of students. That group consisted of 80 senior students (58 men and 22 women, aged 21 to 25). They had two tasks - to determine whether each statement was true or false, and to estimate the frequency of presenters' non-verbal behaviours. The frequency of non-verbal behaviours was assessed using Vrij's questionnaire. The results showed that students-estimators consistently emphasized the same forms of nonverbal behavior (hand movements, illustrations, hesitation during speech, head movements) when it comes to the false and true statement. Their assessment was based on a greater frequency of non-verbal behavior, which is not considered to be a consistent indicator of deception and for which there are stereotypical beliefs about their relationship with deception.U radu je prezentovano istraživanje čiji se osnovni cilj odnosio na dobijanje odgovora na pitanje da li se i u našim uslovima izdvajaju kao značajna određena neverbalna ponašanja koja indikuju laganje, kao i na pitanje koje neverbalne indikatore laganja ispitanici opažaju na osnovu posmatranja ponašanja. U ovom istraživanju učestovalo je 90 studenata Kriminalističko-policijske akademije, u Zemunu, koji su bili podeljeni na dva poduzorka. U prvoj fazi istraživanja grupa od 10 studenata (6 muškaraca i 4 devojke) podeljena je slučajnim izborom u dve podgrupe, grupu od 5 studenata koja je davala istinit iskaz i grupu od 5 studenata koja je davala lažan iskaz. Drugi uzorak činilo je 80 studenata treće i četvrte godine (58 muškaraca i 22 devojke starosti između 21-25 godina), koji su učestvovali u drugoj fazi istraživanja. U ovoj fazi studenti su u svojstvu procenjivača gledali 10 video klipova na kojima su bili prikazani studenti koji su učestvovali u prvoj fazi istraživanja. Nakon svakog prikazanog snimka (istinit i lažan iskaz) studenti-procenjivači popunjavali su Vrijov upitnik za brzu procenu neverbalnog ponašanja, gde su praktično na tzv. 5-stepenoj Likertovoj skali (od 'nikad' do 'veoma često') prvo ocenjivali učestalost neverbalnih ponašanja koja indikuju laganje, a zatim su, u skladu sa opažanjem ovih ponašanja, vršili procenu istinitosti iskaza. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da studenti-procenjivači dosledno naglašavaju iste oblike neverbalnih ponašanja (pokreti šake i prstiju, pokreti glave, ilustracije i oklevanje u govoru) kada je u pitanju i lažan i istinit iskaz. Dakle, zaključak je da su studenti Kriminalističko-policijske akademije svoju procenu istinitosti iskaza temeljili na većoj učestalosti onih neverbalnih ponašanja koji se ne smatraju konzistentnim pokazateljima obmane i za koja postoje stereotipna verovanja o njihovoj povezanosti sa laganjem

Detektovanje laganja na osnovu posmatranja neverbalnog ponašanja

The study was conducted on a sample of 90 students of Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies in Zemun, Serbia. The sample was divided into two subsamples. The first one comprised ten junior students (6 men and 4 women). Five of them were asked to present true statements, while the other five were asked to deliver false statements. All the statements were filmed and presented to the second group of students. That group consisted of 80 senior students (58 men and 22 women, aged 21 to 25). They had two tasks - to determine whether each statement was true or false, and to estimate the frequency of presenters' non-verbal behaviours. The frequency of non-verbal behaviours was assessed using Vrij's questionnaire. The results showed that students-estimators consistently emphasized the same forms of nonverbal behavior (hand movements, illustrations, hesitation during speech, head movements) when it comes to the false and true statement. Their assessment was based on a greater frequency of non-verbal behavior, which is not considered to be a consistent indicator of deception and for which there are stereotypical beliefs about their relationship with deception.U radu je prezentovano istraživanje čiji se osnovni cilj odnosio na dobijanje odgovora na pitanje da li se i u našim uslovima izdvajaju kao značajna određena neverbalna ponašanja koja indikuju laganje, kao i na pitanje koje neverbalne indikatore laganja ispitanici opažaju na osnovu posmatranja ponašanja. U ovom istraživanju učestovalo je 90 studenata Kriminalističko-policijske akademije, u Zemunu, koji su bili podeljeni na dva poduzorka. U prvoj fazi istraživanja grupa od 10 studenata (6 muškaraca i 4 devojke) podeljena je slučajnim izborom u dve podgrupe, grupu od 5 studenata koja je davala istinit iskaz i grupu od 5 studenata koja je davala lažan iskaz. Drugi uzorak činilo je 80 studenata treće i četvrte godine (58 muškaraca i 22 devojke starosti između 21-25 godina), koji su učestvovali u drugoj fazi istraživanja. U ovoj fazi studenti su u svojstvu procenjivača gledali 10 video klipova na kojima su bili prikazani studenti koji su učestvovali u prvoj fazi istraživanja. Nakon svakog prikazanog snimka (istinit i lažan iskaz) studenti-procenjivači popunjavali su Vrijov upitnik za brzu procenu neverbalnog ponašanja, gde su praktično na tzv. 5-stepenoj Likertovoj skali (od 'nikad' do 'veoma često') prvo ocenjivali učestalost neverbalnih ponašanja koja indikuju laganje, a zatim su, u skladu sa opažanjem ovih ponašanja, vršili procenu istinitosti iskaza. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da studenti-procenjivači dosledno naglašavaju iste oblike neverbalnih ponašanja (pokreti šake i prstiju, pokreti glave, ilustracije i oklevanje u govoru) kada je u pitanju i lažan i istinit iskaz. Dakle, zaključak je da su studenti Kriminalističko-policijske akademije svoju procenu istinitosti iskaza temeljili na većoj učestalosti onih neverbalnih ponašanja koji se ne smatraju konzistentnim pokazateljima obmane i za koja postoje stereotipna verovanja o njihovoj povezanosti sa laganjem

Sindrom sagorevanja radnika zaposlenih u Gradskom zavodu za hitnu medicinsku pomoć

Introduction/Objective. The phenomenon of 'burnout at work' is a psychological syndrome that leads to emotional exhaustion (physical and psychological), dehumanization of relationships with others and feelings of professional incompetence in professionally demanding situations. Consequently, this syndrome diminishes professional commitment, especially those who provide services to others, such as health workers, police officers, journalists, judges, professors, managers, etc. In recent decades, the scientific community is genuinely interested in studying professional stress and consequences associated with performing various activities, especially in the fields of health care, education and public administration. According to the results of these surveys, between 20-30%, and in some research and many more doctors, professors and workers in social activities, showed a significant presence of certain symptoms of combustion syndrome. Method. The study was conducted in the Municipal institution for emergency medical aid in Belgrade in Jun 2017 and included 70 respondents (35 men and 35 women) aged 22-62, who performed the duties of managers, doctors, medical technicians, Dispatcher, operator, administration and driver. Results. The results of the research on stress exposure show that 44.3% of the respondents of this healthcare institution are exposed to a high level of stress. The results of the combustion show that 20% of the respondents in the first degree of combustion, which is designated as a risky phase, that as much as 45.7% of the respondents in the second degree of combustion, which is designated as a candidate for combustion, and that 17.1% of the respondents in the third pretend Phase, which is designated as a combustion phase. Observing the vulnerability of individual groups of respondents, the results show that the dispatchers and managers of this healthcare institution are most exposed to stress, followed by doctors and field medical technicians, operators, operators and eventually drivers. In terms of combustion syndrome, dispatchers, doctors and medical technicians in the field are the most vulnerable, then operators, administrators and managers are equally at risk, while drivers are at least at risk. It is also important to point out that medical field technicians, dispatchers and operators have shown the greatest presence of certain symptoms of combustion syndrome. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, the existence of a combustion syndrome can be noted in a significant number of employees of the Municipal institution for emergency medical aid (83%), who have noted the presence of some of the symptoms of combustion syndrome. The results also indicate that the youngest respondents are less exposed to stress, that is, in certain groups of subjects such as drivers, significantly less presence of combustion symptoms was observed, while in field medical field technicians, which in a sample are also part of the younger group of subjects, that even 50% of them are in the third stage, which is designated as a combustion phase.Uvod/cilj. Fenomen 'sagorevanja na poslu' je psihološki sindrom koji dovodi do emocionalne iscrpljenosti (fizička i psihička), dehumanizacije odnosa sa drugima i osećaja profesionalne nekompetentnosti u profesionalno zahtevnim situacijama. Posledično, ovaj sindrom umanjuje profesionalnu posvećenost, posebno onih koji svoje usluge pružaju drugima, kao što su zdravstveni radnici, policijski službenici, novinari, sudije, profesori, menadžeri itd. Poslednjih decenija naučna javnost je istinski zainteresovana za izučavanje profesionalnog stresa i posledica povezanih sa obavljanjem raznih delatnosti, posebno u oblasti zdravstvene zaštite, edukacije i javne administracije. Prema rezultatima tih istraživanja između 20-30%, a u pojedinim istraživanjima i mnogo više lekara, profesora i radnika u društvenim delatnostima, je pokazalo značajno prisustvo pojedinih simptoma sindroma sagorevanja. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u Gradskom zavodu za hitnu medicinsku pomoć (GZZHMP) u Beogradu, u junu 2017. godine i obuhvatalo je 70 ispitanika (35 muškaraca i 35 žena), starosti od 22-62 godine, koji su obavljali poslove rukovodioca, lekara, medicinskih tehničara, dispečera, operatera, administracije i vozača. Rezultati. Rezultati istraživanja u vezi izloženosti stresu pokazuju, da je 44.3% ispitanika ove zdravsteve ustanove izloženo visokom nivou stresa. Rezultati u vezi sagorevanja pokazuju, da je 20% ispitanika u prvom stepenu sagorevanja, koje se označava kao rizična faza, da je čak 45.7% ispitanika u drugom stepenu izgaranja, koje se označava kao kandidat za sagorevanje i da je 17.1% ispitanika u trećoj pretposlednjoj fazi, koja se označava kao faza sagorevanja. Posmatrajući ugroženost pojedinačnih grupa ispitanika, rezultati pokazuju da su dispečeri i rukovodioci ove zdravstvene ustanove najviše izloženi stresu, zatim slede lekari i medicinski tehničari na terenu, administracija, operateri i na kraju vozači. U pogledu sindroma sagorevanja, najugroženiji su dispečeri, lekari i medicinski tehničari na terenu, zatim podjednako operateri, administracija i rukovodioci, dok su vozači najmanje ugroženi. Takođe je značajno istaći da su medicinski tehničari na terenu, dispečeri i operateri, pokazali najveće prisustvo pojedinih simptoma sindroma sagorevanja. Zaključak. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja može se konstatovati postojanje sindroma izgaranja kod značajnog broja radnika GZZHMP (83%), kod kojih je konstatovano prisustvo nekih od simptoma sindroma sagorevanja. Rezultati takođe ukazuju da su najmlađi ispitanici manje izloženi stresu, odnosno da je kod pojedinih grupa ispitanika kao što su vozači, uočeno značajno manje prisustvo simptoma sagorevanja, dok je kod medicinskih tehničara na terenu, koji takođe u uvom uzorku spadaju u mlađu grupu ispitanika, uočeno, da se čak 50% njih nalazi u trećoj fazi, koja se označava kao faza sagorevanja

Učestalost pojedinih znakova neverbalnog ponašanja u obmanjujućem iskazu

The objective of this study was to assess the objective observer to determine whether there is a difference in the incidence of some forms of nonverbal behaviors referred to as common indicators of lying in previous studies. Cluster analysis showed that the two groups are formed of non-verbal behavior. The first group includes smiling, illustration, hand and finger movements, movements of the legs and feet, while the second group consists of looking away, blinking eyes, self-adaptors, head movements, body movements and noting the position of the body. Interpreting this finding, together with the findings of the ranking of non-verbal behavior in the responses based on the arithmetic mean, it can be concluded that the behavior of the first group (smiling, illustration, hand and finger movements, movements of the legs and feet) is more noticeable in the nonverbal behavior of persons, which amounts to a false statement.Osnovni cilj istraživanja je da se prema oceni nezavisnih posmatrača utvrdi da li postoji razlika u učestalosti pojedinih znakova neverbalnog ponašanja, koji su u prethodnim istraživanjima navedeni kao uobičajeni znakovi obmanjivanja. Primena klaster-analize pokazala je da se formiraju dve grupe znakova neverbalnog ponašanja. Prvu grupu čine: osmehivanje, ilustrovanje, pokreti šake i prstiju, pokreti nogu i stopala, dok drugu grupu čine skretanje pogleda, treptanje očima, samododirivanje, pokreti glave, pokreti trupa i promena položaja tela. Interpretiranjem ovog nalaza, zajedno sa nalazom o rangiranju znakova neverbalnog ponašanja na osnovu aritmetičkih sredina, može se zaključiti da se znakovi iz prve grupe (osmehivanje, ilustrovanje, pokreti šake i prstiju, pokreti nogu i stopala) češće primećuju u neverbalnom ponašanju osoba koje su lagale

Analiza kriminalnog ponašanja višestrukih izvršilaca krivičnog dela silovanja

Bearing in mind the fact that criminal behaviour is conditioned by the action of both cognitive and conative factors, the basic assumption we have started from in the research was that in the individual series the rapists had shown a clear individual variability in certain sequences of the crime. In this sense, the paper presents the analysis of three individual series of rapes, which has included two components or manifestations of behaviour: “modus operandi” and criminal “signature”. The data from the Department for the prevention of homicide and sexual offences of the Criminal Police, the Police Directorate for the City of Belgrade, have been used in the paper. These data have included pieces of information for three multiple perpetrators of the crime of rape, aged 30, 21 and 25 respectively at the time they committed crime. The results of the analysis have shown that in the individual series the rapists repeated certain patterns of behaviour during the approach phase, the phase of attack and sexual conduct. However, in terms of operational significance, we are of the opinion that only the information related to sexual behaviour of the rapist to the victim can be considered the characteristic pattern of behaviour, from at least a couple of reasons. Firstly, the relationship between treatment and sexual fantasy is two-way. The sexual activity of a rapist comes from his fantasy, since it determines his behaviour. Secondly, sexual fantasy is vitalized only through the way in which the rapist treats the victim. Finally, the sexual behaviour is symbolic rather than functional, and is therefore unique.Imajući u vidu činjenicu da je kriminalno ponašanje uslovljeno dejstvom kognitivnih i kognitivnih faktora, osnovna pretpostavka od koje se u istraživanju pošlo jeste da u individualnoj seriji silovatelji u određenim sekvencama izvršenja krivičnog dela pokazuju jasnu individualnu varijabilnost. U tom smislu, u radu je prikazana analiza tri individualne serije silovanja, koja je obuhvatila dve komponente odnosno manifestacije ponašanja: modus operandi i kriminalni “potpis”. U radu su korišćeni podaci Odeljenja za suzbijanje krvnih i seksualnih delikata Uprave kriminalističke policije Policijske uprave za grad Beograd, koji su obuhvatali podatke za tri višestruka izvršioca krivičnog dela silovanja, od kojih je jadan izvršilac u vreme izvršenja prvog silovanja imalo 30 godina, drugi 24 godine, a treći 25 godina. Rezultati analize pokazuju da su silovatelji u individualnoj seriji ponavljali određene obrasce ponašanja tokom faze pristupa, faze napada i seksualnog ophođenja. Međutim u pogledu operativnog značaja, mišljenja samo da se jedino podatak o seksualnom ophođenju silovatelja prema žrtvi može smatrati karakterističnim obrascem ponašanja, iz najmanje nekoliko razloga. Prvo, veza između seksualnog ophođenja i fantazije je dvosmerna. Seksualna aktivnost silovatelja proizilazi iz njegove fantazije, budući da ona određuje njegovo ponašanje. Drugo, seksualna fantazija se “osnažuje” jedino kroz način na koji se silovatelj ophodi prema žrtvi. I konačno, seksualno ponašanje je simbolično, a ne funkcionalno, pa je prema tome i jedinstveno

Otkrivanje obmanjujućeg ponašanja primenom analize sadržaja iskaza

The main purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to explore the veracity assessment of statements based on observations of certain verbal behaviors that usually accompany deception. The sample included 80 participants (63 men and 17 women, aged 21-24 years), all students of the Criminal Police Academy, divided into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group received a lecture on verbal behavior as an important clue for assessing true statements while control group did not. Participants were given a semantic verification task, in which they watched 10 video recordings of subjects presenting 5 true and 5 false statements. They were then asked to verify subjects' testimonies and to estimate the frequency of the occurrence of 10 behavioral indicators. Verbal behaviors were chosen based on findings of previous studies (Steller & Kohnken, 1989; Vrij, 2008). The results of Mann-Whitney test showed that training improved the ability to recognize deception. Experimental group achieved significantly higher success in estimating an overall accuracy of statements (z = -2.71, p lt .01), negative predictive power (z = -4.29, p lt .01), sensitivity (z = -2.00, p lt .05) and specificity (z = -4.25, p lt .01). Successful evaluation of a false statement was dependent on an ability to recognize the presence of time lags and long answers, or decreased recognition of the negative and detailed statements. Successful assessment of true statements was higher if respondents perceived logical structure less frequently. Results are in accordance with Undeutsch's hypothesis and cognitive load.Osnovni cilj ovog kvazi-eksperimentalnog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi uspešnost procene istinitosti iskaza u zavisnosti od poznavanja verbalnog ponašanja u situaciji laganja. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 80 ispitanika (63 muškarca i 17 žena, starosti 21-24 godine), studenata Kriminalističko-policijske akademije u Beogradu, podeljenih u eksperimentalnu i kontrolnu grupu. Eksperimentalnoj grupi je prethodno održano predavanje o najznačajnijim tehnikama za detekciju laganja, baziranim na verbalnim ponašanjima, dok je kontrolna grupa trebalo da se osloni na implicitne pretpostavke i dotadašnja znanja. Zadatak obe grupe ispitanika sastojao se u proceni učestalosti verbalnih ponašanja navedenih u ček-listi i oceni istinitost iskaza subjekata prikazanih na video snimcima. Verbalna ponašanja su izabrana na bazi dosadašnjih naučnih saznanja o obmanjujućem ponašanju. Rezultati Mann-Whitneyjevog testa pokazuju da su ispitanici iz eksperimentalne grupe bili značajno uspešniji u ukupnoj tačnosti procene istinitosti iskaza (z = -2./1, p lt .01), tačnosti procene istinitih iskaza tj. negativnoj prediktivnoj vrednosti (z = -4.29, p lt .01), senzitivnosti za lažne iskaze (z = -2.00, p lt .05) i specifičnosti za istinite iskaze (z = -4.25, p lt .01). Za uspeh u proceni lažnog iskaza bilo je merodavno da li su ispitanici češće prepoznali prisutnost perioda kašnjenja i dužih odgovora, odnosno ređ e prepoznali prisutnost negativnih izjava i količine, kvaliteta i opširnosti detalja, Osobe koje su bile uspešnije u prepoznavanju istinitih iskaza ređe su prepoznavale logičku strukturu, Rezultati su u skladu sa Undeutschovom hipotezom i efektom kognitivnog opterećenja

Otkrivanje obmanjujućeg ponašanja primenom analize sadržaja iskaza

The main purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to explore the veracity assessment of statements based on observations of certain verbal behaviors that usually accompany deception. The sample included 80 participants (63 men and 17 women, aged 21-24 years), all students of the Criminal Police Academy, divided into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group received a lecture on verbal behavior as an important clue for assessing true statements while control group did not. Participants were given a semantic verification task, in which they watched 10 video recordings of subjects presenting 5 true and 5 false statements. They were then asked to verify subjects' testimonies and to estimate the frequency of the occurrence of 10 behavioral indicators. Verbal behaviors were chosen based on findings of previous studies (Steller & Kohnken, 1989; Vrij, 2008). The results of Mann-Whitney test showed that training improved the ability to recognize deception. Experimental group achieved significantly higher success in estimating an overall accuracy of statements (z = -2.71, p lt .01), negative predictive power (z = -4.29, p lt .01), sensitivity (z = -2.00, p lt .05) and specificity (z = -4.25, p lt .01). Successful evaluation of a false statement was dependent on an ability to recognize the presence of time lags and long answers, or decreased recognition of the negative and detailed statements. Successful assessment of true statements was higher if respondents perceived logical structure less frequently. Results are in accordance with Undeutsch's hypothesis and cognitive load.Osnovni cilj ovog kvazi-eksperimentalnog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi uspešnost procene istinitosti iskaza u zavisnosti od poznavanja verbalnog ponašanja u situaciji laganja. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 80 ispitanika (63 muškarca i 17 žena, starosti 21-24 godine), studenata Kriminalističko-policijske akademije u Beogradu, podeljenih u eksperimentalnu i kontrolnu grupu. Eksperimentalnoj grupi je prethodno održano predavanje o najznačajnijim tehnikama za detekciju laganja, baziranim na verbalnim ponašanjima, dok je kontrolna grupa trebalo da se osloni na implicitne pretpostavke i dotadašnja znanja. Zadatak obe grupe ispitanika sastojao se u proceni učestalosti verbalnih ponašanja navedenih u ček-listi i oceni istinitost iskaza subjekata prikazanih na video snimcima. Verbalna ponašanja su izabrana na bazi dosadašnjih naučnih saznanja o obmanjujućem ponašanju. Rezultati Mann-Whitneyjevog testa pokazuju da su ispitanici iz eksperimentalne grupe bili značajno uspešniji u ukupnoj tačnosti procene istinitosti iskaza (z = -2./1, p lt .01), tačnosti procene istinitih iskaza tj. negativnoj prediktivnoj vrednosti (z = -4.29, p lt .01), senzitivnosti za lažne iskaze (z = -2.00, p lt .05) i specifičnosti za istinite iskaze (z = -4.25, p lt .01). Za uspeh u proceni lažnog iskaza bilo je merodavno da li su ispitanici češće prepoznali prisutnost perioda kašnjenja i dužih odgovora, odnosno ređ e prepoznali prisutnost negativnih izjava i količine, kvaliteta i opširnosti detalja, Osobe koje su bile uspešnije u prepoznavanju istinitih iskaza ređe su prepoznavale logičku strukturu, Rezultati su u skladu sa Undeutschovom hipotezom i efektom kognitivnog opterećenja

Učestalost pojedinih znakova neverbalnog ponašanja u obmanjujućem iskazu

The objective of this study was to assess the objective observer to determine whether there is a difference in the incidence of some forms of nonverbal behaviors referred to as common indicators of lying in previous studies. Cluster analysis showed that the two groups are formed of non-verbal behavior. The first group includes smiling, illustration, hand and finger movements, movements of the legs and feet, while the second group consists of looking away, blinking eyes, self-adaptors, head movements, body movements and noting the position of the body. Interpreting this finding, together with the findings of the ranking of non-verbal behavior in the responses based on the arithmetic mean, it can be concluded that the behavior of the first group (smiling, illustration, hand and finger movements, movements of the legs and feet) is more noticeable in the nonverbal behavior of persons, which amounts to a false statement.Osnovni cilj istraživanja je da se prema oceni nezavisnih posmatrača utvrdi da li postoji razlika u učestalosti pojedinih znakova neverbalnog ponašanja, koji su u prethodnim istraživanjima navedeni kao uobičajeni znakovi obmanjivanja. Primena klaster-analize pokazala je da se formiraju dve grupe znakova neverbalnog ponašanja. Prvu grupu čine: osmehivanje, ilustrovanje, pokreti šake i prstiju, pokreti nogu i stopala, dok drugu grupu čine skretanje pogleda, treptanje očima, samododirivanje, pokreti glave, pokreti trupa i promena položaja tela. Interpretiranjem ovog nalaza, zajedno sa nalazom o rangiranju znakova neverbalnog ponašanja na osnovu aritmetičkih sredina, može se zaključiti da se znakovi iz prve grupe (osmehivanje, ilustrovanje, pokreti šake i prstiju, pokreti nogu i stopala) češće primećuju u neverbalnom ponašanju osoba koje su lagale

Exploitation of minors for pornographic purposes : the sociodemographic and criminal profile of the perpetrator

The paper presents research in the form of a survey aimed at examining the sociodemographic and criminal profile of the perpetrator of the crime of displaying, acquiring and possession of pornographic material and exploitation of a juvenile for pornography under Article 185 of the Criminal Code of Serbia, with particular reference to the imposed criminal sanctions. The survey was conducted at the beginning of 2018 and included 62 convicted male persons aged 18 to 70, prosecuted under jurisdiction of the Special Prosecutor’s Office for Combating High-Tech Crime in the period from 2012 to 2016. The results of the research show that the perpetrators of the said criminal offense are exclusively male individuals of an average age of 36.6 years, whose structure in terms of the working status is extremely diverse, starting from workers of various occupations, students to pensioners. In terms of other socio-demographic characteristics, the results of the survey show that the largest percentage of the convicted offenders have completed secondary school, that the number of the employed and unemployed is the same, that they are not married, gravitate towards urban areas, and have not been convicted before. In terms of the modus operandi, the results of the survey show that two methods of execution are dominant: the first implies the use of P2P technology on the Internet and the use of certain closed networks, which allow searching, downloading and sharing of photos and audio-visual data whereas the other involves creating a false profile on the Facebook social network