Performance and interaction of sodium silicate activated slag with lignosulfonate superplasticiser added at different mixing stages

This paper investigated the effect of adding lignosulfonate (LS) superplasticiser at the different stages of mixing on the workability and rheological behaviour of sodium silicate activated slag (SSAS) in order to find a practically feasible approach to tackling the incompatibility issue between superplasticiser and alkaline activator. In addition to rheology and minislump tests, adsorption, zeta potential and environmental scanning electron microscopy tests were also undertaken to understand the interactions between the lignosulfonate and the fresh SSAS in order to reveal the mechanisms behind the observation. The results show that adding the LS and the activator separately at the different stages of mixing can significantly improve both the initial minislump and 60-min minislump retention due to the increased adsorption of LS and the improved dispersion of slag particles, with the prior addition of LS better than the delayed addition. However, a nonlinear rheological behaviour of SSAS was observed in the LS-superplasticised SSAS under separate addition and, consequently, modified Bingham model was found to be more suitable for describing this kind of rheological behaviour

Shape coexistence and evolution in neutron-deficient krypton isotopes

Total Routhian Surface (TRS) calculations have been performed to investigate shape coexistence and evolution in neutron-deficient krypton isotopes 72,74,76Kr. The ground-state shape is found to change from oblate in 72Kr to prolate in 74,76Kr, in agreement with experimental data. Quadrupole deformations of the ground states and coexisting 0+2 states as well as excitation energies of the latter are also well reproduced. While the general agreement between calculated moments of inertia and those deduced from observed spectra confirms the prolate nature of the low-lying yrast states of all three isotopes (except the ground state of 72Kr), the deviation at low spins suggests significant shape mixing. The role of triaxiality in describing shape coexistence and evolution in these nuclei is finally discussed

Molecular characterization of the envelope gene of dengue virus type 3 newly isolated in Guangzhou, China, during 2009–2010

SummaryBackgroundAfter an absence of 29 years, dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3) re-emerged in Guangzhou in 2009 and again in 2010. However, the geographical route by which the virus entered the city, and how it has changed genetically, remain unclear. Therefore, we carried out a comprehensive investigation into the molecular characteristics of the DENV-3 involved.MethodsThe envelope (E) genes of viruses isolated from dengue patients during the 2009–2010 epidemics were sequenced and compared with previously published E gene sequences of global representative DENV-3 strains available in GenBank, including isolates circulating in other provinces of China.ResultsA total of 13 isolates (seven from 2009 and six from 2010) were obtained from human serum samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates were grouped into three genotypes (I, III, and V) and then two clades within genotype III (genotype I from Indonesia, genotype III clade A from Côte d’Ivoire, genotype III clade B from Tanzania, and genotype V from Philippines). In addition, there were 1.3–9.0% and 0.5–3.9% differences in the nucleic and deduced amino acid sequences between the 2009 and 2010 strains, respectively.ConclusionsThe DENV-3 viruses from the period 2009–2010 were not from the continuous spread of an epidemic strain or the re-emergence of the 2009 strains in the 2-year period. The introduction of different DENV-3 genotypes following more than one geographical route was an important contributing factor to the 2009–2010 dengue epidemics in Guangzhou

Surgical management of 142 cases of split cord malformations associated with osseous divide

Objectives To investigate the key surgical points in treating split cord malformations associated with osseous divide and scoliosis (SCM-OD-S). Materials and methods The surgical options and methods of a total of 142 SCM-OD-S cases were retrospectively analyzed, and the surgical precautions and imaging diagnosis were also discussed. Results The 142 patients were performed osseous divide resection plus dural sac molding, which achieved good results and no serious complication such as spinal cord and nerve injury occurred; certain symptoms such as urination-defecation disorders, muscle strength subsidence, Pes Cavus, and toe movement disorder in partial patients achieved various degrees of relief, and it also created good conditions for next-step treatment against scoliosis. Conclusions The diagnosis of SCM-OD mainly depended on imaging inspection, routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with computed tomography (CT) 3D reconstruction, which can comprehensively evaluate the types and features of diastematomyelia as well as other concomitant diseases. SCM alone needed no treatment, but surgery will be the only means of treating SCM-OD. Intraoperatively removing osseous divide step-by-step, as well as carefully freeing the spinal cord and remodeling the dural sac, can lay good foundations for relieving tethered cord, improving neurological symptoms, and further scoliosis orthomorphia, thus particularly exhibiting importance for the growth and development of adolescents

Study on the influencing factors and strategies of sorted collection of urban refuse in China

Although the sorted collection of urban refuse in China started later than that in developed countries, it has been sustained 14 years since the implementation of pilot project of waste sorting. However, the waste sorting among cities is still making slow progress and beset with difficulties in China. With a review of the actual situation of waste sorting in China, this article firstly introduced the urban refuse sorted way in China, and then analysed the influencing factors of the sorted collection of urban refuse. At last, we put forward some strategies and suggestions for dealing with the prominent challenges of the sorted collection of urban refuse in China

住院老年人误吸风险及对误吸认知的调查分析

Objective:To investigate the aspiration risk and the aspiration cognition of elderly inpatients. Method: A self-designed questionnaire about the aspiration risk and the aspiration cognition was applied to survey the hospitalized elderly. Result: The aspiration risk of the elderly was higher, up to 41.3%, characterized by coming up with various symptoms. The illnesses the elderly suffering from, types of medication, motion ability and the state of consciousness were the risk factors resulting in aspiration (P<0.05); and only 4.4% of the patients completely understood the knowledge of aspiration and aspiration pneumonitis. Conclusion: Elderly patients are at high risk of aspiration along with various symptoms coming up with, and they have poor knowledge about aspiration and aspiration pneumonitis relatively.目的  调查住院老年患者误吸风险及对误吸的认知情况。方法  采用自行设计的误吸风险及误吸认知调查表对住院老年患者进行调查。结果  老年患者误吸风险较高，高达41.3%，且以多种症状同时出现为特点。所患疾病、服药种类、活动能力及意识状态是误吸发生的危险因素（P＜0.05）；仅有4.4%的患者完全了解误吸及吸入性肺炎的知识。结论  老年患者误吸风险高，且以多种症状同时出现为特点，对误吸及吸入性肺炎的知晓率较低

Identification of harmonic load acting on an elastically supported thin plate linked with attachments

Plate-like structures in real mechanical system is always simplified and modeled as an elastically restrained thin plate loaded with stiffness or mass. The dynamic model of the plate distinguished with previous classic model is complex vibrational characteristics and merely proposed by numerical method. Accordingly, identification of harmonic load acting on this plate becomes difficult for hardly obtaining inverse equations or matrix from its response functions directly. To solve this problem, dynamic model of the plate is established by numeric method and combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) method to reconstruct harmonic load by minimizing total error between vibration responses in identification and test. Then, it is used to deal with acceleration responses tested in an elastically supported plate derived by a harmonic load. Parameters of the harmonic load are identified and found to agree with those of real source by their comparison. Thus, it is concluded that harmonic load driving on the plate linked with elastic boundary and attachment can be identified accurately by proposed numeric model of this paper. Furthermore, acceleration distribution of the plate at modal frequencies and responses at different test point, which are acquired from identification and test, are demonstrated and discussed. It is revealed that the numeric model proposed in this paper identifies parameters of harmonic load mainly through tendency of vibration distribution on the plate, and the accuracies of its reconstruction results at some locations are limited