Complete chloroplast genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Erysimum cheiranthoides

Erysimum cheiranthoides is commonly known as treacle-mustard or wormseed wallflower with value for reducing high temperature and inducing diuresis. Here, we characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of E. cheiranthoides using genome skimming sequencing. The circular complete cp genome is 154,611 bp in length, containing a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,809 bp, two copies of IR (26,475 bp each) regions, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,852 bp. It comprises 113 unique genes, including 79 different protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes with 19 duplicated genes in the IR regions. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that E. cheiranthoides is sister to Olimarabidopsis pumila with full support value in Brassicaceae

Two new meroterpenoids and two new monoterpenoids from the deep sea-derived fungus Penicillium sp. YPGA11

Twelve terpenoids, including two new 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid-based meroterpenoids (1 and 2) and two new monoterpenoids (11 and 12), were obtained from the deep-sea fungus Penicillium sp. YPGA11. Their structures were determined by extensive analyses of spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by comparisons of experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Compounds 1 and 2, bearing a 23-aldehyde or 23-carboxylic acid group, were rarely found in compounds with similar carbon skeleton. All compounds but 11 were evaluated for inhibitory effects towards nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Compound 9 exhibited significant inhibitory effects with an IC50 value of 7.58 μM, being comparable to the positive control, quercetin (10.97 μM)